PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE
What is the presence (eukaryote) or absence (prokaryote) of a nucleus?
Primary difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell involving a membrane-bound nucleus
What is the mitochondrion or mitochondria?
Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell this organelle is responsible for converting sugar into usable energy (ATP) via cellular respiration.
What is diffusion?
The spontaneous net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for energy.
What is osmosis?
The specific term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is chlorophyll?
This is the green pigment found within chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is a prokaryote?
Organisms like bacteria and archaea belong to this cell type, which appeared first on Earth.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The "rough" version of this organelle appears that way because it is studded with ribosomes.
What is facilitated diffusion?
This process uses transport proteins to move substances across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient without the use of cellular energy.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with a lower solute concentration compared to the inside of a cell is described with this term.
What is glucose (sugar)?
The primary product of photosynthesis that provides food for the plant and energy for other organisms.
What is a single circular chromosome?
Eukaryotic cells have multiple, linear chromosomes, while prokaryotic cells typically have this type of chromosome structure.
What are the Golgi bodies or Golgi apparatus/complex ?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport
What is active transport?
This type of cellular transport requires the cell to use energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution where the solute concentration is equal to that inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement.
What is the plasma membrane (cell membrane)?
In eukaryotic cells, photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts but in prokaryotes it occurs in the cytoplasm and this membrane.
What are ribosomes?
This feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, in addition to a cell membrane, DNA, and cytoplasm.
What are lysosomes?
These cellular compartments store digestive enzymes and are responsible for breaking down waste materials and worn-out cell parts.
What is endocytosis?
This is the process where a cell engulfs materials by infolding its cell membrane to form a vesicle a type of active transport.
What is plasmolysis?
When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a process called this.
What is oxygen?
The two main reactants needed for cellular respiration are glucose (sugar) and this atmospheric gas.
What is cellulose?
While plant cells and bacterial cells both have a cell wall, their chemical composition differs, with the eukaryotic cell walls (in plants) primarily made of this.
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are unique because they contain their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell.
What is swell or potentially burst/become turgid in plants?
A cell in a solution that is hypotonic will experience a net movement of water into the cell, causing it to do this.
What is the contractile vacuole?
In an animal cell, this organelle would be crucial for pumping out excess water if the cell is in a severely hypotonic environment.
What is cellular respiration?
The equation for photosynthesis.