Molecules & Organisms
Heredity & Genetics
Ecosystems & Energy Flow
Evolution & Diversity
Homeostasis
100
What are the four organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
100
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
100
What is a producer/ autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food (plants)
100
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms with beneficial traits survive and reproduce
100
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions
200
What is photosynthesis?
Process where plants convert light energy into glucose
200
What is differentiation?
The process of making different types of cells by turning genes on or off.
200
What is the role of decomposers?
To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients
200
What is adaptation?
A trait that helps an organism survive in its environment (physical or behavioral)
200
How do negative feedback loops maintain homeostasis?
They reverse changes and get the body back to set point.
300
What is cellular respiration?
Process where cells break down glucose for energy (ATP)
300
What is a mutation and how can it affect an organism?
A change in DNA sequence; can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral. Some mutations can cause the protein not to be made anymore.
300
What is a food chain?
Shows energy transfer between organisms
300
Name two types of evidence that support evolution.
Fossil records, homologous structures, DNA/genetic similarities, vestigial organs
300
Explain how the body regulates body temperature.
Through sweating (cooling) and shivering (heating)
400
What is the function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions (digestion or synthesis)
400
How does meiosis create genetic variation?
It produces gametes with new combinations of alleles through crossing over
400
Why is energy lost as you move up trophic levels?
Energy is lost as heat or through life processes
400
How does sexual reproduction increase genetic variation compared to asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction combines genes from two parents; asexual reproduction creates identical clones
400
How does the pancreas maintain homeostasis by regulating blood glucose levels?
The pancreas releases insulin when blood glucose is high (lowering it) and glucagon (sugar) when it's low (raising it), keeping glucose levels stable
500
What do the four biomolecules provide for the body? (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids)
Carbohydrates provide quick energy, lipids store energy, proteins perform most cellular functions (enzymes, antibodies, transport), nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) store and transmit genetic information
500
Explain how DNA, RNA, and proteins work together in protein synthesis.
DNA contains genes; mRNA carries the code; ribosomes use codons to build proteins
500
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle carbon?
Photosynthesis removes CO₂ from the atmosphere; respiration returns it
500
Explain how genetic variation is essential to evolution.
Without variation, natural selection cannot occur.
500
What would happen to the keystone species Pike if the Zooplankton population decreased?
The Pike population would decrease because the Carp rely on the Zooplankton as a food source. Carp are a food source for Pike.