Evolution
DNA
Reproduction
Ecosystems
Homeostasis, Cellular Processes, and Body Systems
100
What is natural selection?
Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more, so those traits become more common.
100
What is an allele?
A different version of the same gene.
100
Which process makes genetically identical body cells?
Mitosis
100
What is carrying capacity
The largest population an environment can support.
100
Which process converts light energy into glucose?
Photosynthesis
200
What are homologous structures, and why are they evidence for evolution?
They are similar body parts in different species inherited from a common ancestor.
They show shared ancestry!
200
Name two types of mutations and state which type is usually more harmful.
Examples: Substitution -
From least to most harmful: silent, missense, nonsense, insertion & deletion.
Insertions/deletions (frameshift mutations) are usually more harmful because they can affect many codons.
200
What process in meiosis produces genetic variation?
Crossing over or recombination
200
If a predator population suddenly decreases, what is one likely effect on the food web?
Trophic cascade - Prey populations may increase, which can reduce producers and affect other populations.
200
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining stable internal conditions.
300
A drought changes a habitat from mostly green to mostly brown. A population has green and brown insects. Predict what will happen to the insect population over generations.
Brown insects will likely become more common because they are better camouflaged and survive/reproduce more.
300
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription copies DNA information into mRNA. Translation uses mRNA to build a protein.
300
In humans, label the number of chromosomes in each cell type
Skin cell = ?
Sperm cell = ?
Skin cell = 46 chromosomes
Sperm cell = 23 chromosomes
300
What is an invasive species?
A species that causes environmental harm, economic harm, or harm to human health
300
List all the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration
Oxygen + Glucose --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
400
List three examples of humans impacting the evolution of other species over time.
Antibiotic resistance, selective breeding of plants and animals, climate change, and resistance to pollution and chemicals.
400
How can DNA methylation change gene expression without changing the DNA base sequence?
Methylation can reduce/block transcription, so less protein is made even though the DNA sequence stays the same.
400
Name two body responses to exposure to extreme cold.
Shivering, blood vessel constriction (vasoconstriction), goosebumps.