Vocab
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n) _______.
compound
The DNA molecule is shaped like a ________.
The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called _______________.
Cytokinesis
How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
It creates food that they can eat.
The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called ________.
Fermentation
These proteins speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of a ________ of nitrogen bases.
pair
The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called ___________.
The Cell Cycle
How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
They have opposite equations.
Under which of the following conditions is lactic acid fermentation most likely to occur?
a. a very fast run
b. a long walk
c. sleeping
d. playing video games
a. a very fast run
Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with ___________.
Thymine (T)
During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?
Interphase
The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the ____________.
Mitochondria
In which of these does alcoholic fermentation occur?
a. carbon dioxide
b. lactic acid
c. muscle cells
d. yeast
d. yeast
Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy?
Passive Transport
The cell's DNA is copied during what process? ______________
Replication
Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's _______________ is divided into two.
Nucleus
What happens during respiration?
(what do we start with in the equation?)
Glucose is broken down, releasing energy
All organic compounds contain the element __________.
Carbon
Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
What forms around the chromatids during mitosis?
Two new nuclei
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
How many daughter cells are formed?
Two daughter cells are formed
Together, respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere ______________.
Fairly constant (equal)
Why is water important for the cell?
Most chemical reactions in cells require water.