Virus
Besides handwashing, name two other ways that you can limit the spread of viral infections.
Covering your cough, distancing, vaccines, hand sanitizer, distance
What has a wider range of shape
Archaea or Bacteria?
Bacteria
In ideal conditions, how do bacteria reproduce?
Quickly
A bacterium’s DNA is located in its __________.
Cytosol
List at least two foods for which bacteria are essential in making:
Cheese, yogurt, bread, pickles
A virus cannot reproduce on its own, so it infects a _______________.
Host
At least half the cells in/on the body are apart of microbiota which include what 3 things?
Bacterial, fungal, and viral cells
In bacterial reproduction, daughter cells are:
Identical to each other and the parent cell
What structure of bacteria that produces proteins?
Ribosomes
____________________ are bacteria that have become resistant to one or more types of antibiotics.
Superbugs
A ____________________ is the protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virus.
Capsule
Prokaryotes are classified in kingdoms ________________ and __________________.
Bacteria and Archaea
What are endospores?
DNA and ribosomes enclosed in tough case that can survive unfavorable conditions
What are the common shapes of archaea?
Spherical, rod, spiral
Bacteria may have one or more _______________, which are small often circular strands of DNA that are separate from the main chromosome.
Plasmids
Define the structure of a virus:
No cytosol, organelles, cell membrane.
How are archaea different from bacteria?
They do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Bacteria and archaea reproduce through:
Binary Fission, Budding, Fragmentation
Which structure protects bacteria from drying out?
Capsule
The __________________ is a tail-like structure found on bacteria that allows movement.
Flagella
Put these stages in order:
Virus destroys the cell by bursting it open and escaping to infect new cells. (active)
Each time the host goes through mitosis, the viral DNA is replicated and passed to the daughter cells.
Viral nucleic acid uses cellular machinery to make more viruses.
Virus attaches to the host cell by going through cell membrane
Virus injects nucleic acid into the host.
1- Virus attaches to the host cell by going through cell membrane
2- Virus injects nucleic acid into the host.
3- Viral nucleic acid uses cellular machinery to make more viruses.
4- Virus destroys the cell by bursting it open and escaping to infect new cells. (active)
5- Each time the host goes through mitosis, the viral DNA is replicated and passed to the daughter cells.
What is the difference between an active and a latent virus?
Virus destroys the cell by bursting it open and escaping to infect new cells. (active)
Some viruses remain inactive for months-years(latent)
What are the steps of binary fission?
One bacterium, DNA replicates, cell membrane pinches in, two bacteria
What are the roles of bacteria?
May contribute in health, “Fix” nitrogen, enabling plants to use it to grow, within ruminants in cattle/sheep/goats: helps digest cellulose
Why do bacteria not completely fill the earth given that they reproduce so rapidly?
The conditions necessary for rapid growth do not exist very long. Lack of food, moisture, and oxygen limit bacterial growth. Furthermore, as bacteria reproduce, the amount of resources available for each bacterium decreases.