Chapter One Review
An accurate definition of science
WHAT IS: science is the process of using experiment, observation, and reasoning to develop mental models of the natural world. The mental models scientists develop are called theories.
Three subatomic particles and their charges
WHAT ARE:
Proton (positive)
Neutron (neutral)
Electron (negative)
Four types of organic molecules
WHAT ARE: lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and proteins
Definition of a cell
This differentiates a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell
WHAT IS: a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Four goals of studying life science
WHAT ARE:
1. Food: find new ways to raise crops and process food
2. Energy: design more effective biology-related products
3. Health: improve medical treatments and therapies
4. Environment: understand how to be good stewards of what God has given us
The definition for organic molecules
WHAT IS: molecules that contain Oxygen and Carbon
Foods which contain each type of organic molecule
Protein: meat, yogurt, lentils
Lipid: butter, oil, cheese
Nucleic Acid: meats and plants
Carbohydrate: pasta, bread, fruit
The two classifications of cells
WHAT ARE: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
The powerhouse of a cell
BONUS: An additional 100 points will be awarded if you can name what this organelle produces.
WHAT IS: the mitochondria
BONUS: ATP
The six major steps of the Scientific Method
WHAT ARE:
1. Ask a question
2. Research the problem
3. Form a hypothesis
3. Conduct an experiment
4. Observe and record data
5. Analyze results
6. Form a conclusion
The definition of polarity and its importance to water molecules.
Bonus: An additional 100 points will be awarded if you can accurately identify the partial charges of each element in a water molecule.
The polar nature of the water molecule makes water behave unlike any other substance and aids in its ability to dissolve/bind/adhere to other substances.
BONUS: What is partial positive Hydrogen and partial negative oxygen
Function of each organic molecule
Protein: transport, movement, and structure
Nucleic acid: the blueprint of the cell
Lipid: long-term energy, protection, insulation
Carbohydrate: quick-energy, structure
Three components of the cell theory
WHAT IS:
1) all living things are made of one or more cells
2) cells are the basic living unit of life
3) all cells come from pre-existing cells
The cell which has a "flagellum" for movement
WHAT IS: prokaryotic cell
The five major steps of the Cycle of Scientific Enterprise
Hint: This is not the same as our steps of the Scientific Procedure. Think back to your textbook diagram.
WHAT ARE:
1. Hypothesis
2. Experiment
3. Analysis
4. Theory
5. Review
BONUS: an extra 100 points will be awarded if examples are given for each characteristic
WHAT ARE:
1. High heat capacity
2. Expands when freezes
3. Universal solvent/dissolvability
4. Adhesion/cohesion
BONUS: regulates temperature on Earth due to large bodies of water, keeps aquatic life alive during cold seasons because ice floats (lower density), distributes nutrients because of its ability to dissolve many substances, and helps to deliver these nutrients through capillary action
Protein: enzymes, hormones, antibodies
Lipid: phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol
Nucleic Acid: DNA, RNA
Carbohydrate: cellulose, glucose
Meaning of bacteria and virus in Latin
WHAT IS: "little sick" and "poison"
The role of "pilus" on a prokaryotic cell
WHAT IS: movement and adherence
The six characteristics of living things
WHAT ARE...
1. Living things grow, develop, and reproduce
2. Living things pass on genetic information
3. Living things have organization
4. Living things gather matter and energy
5. Living things adapt to their environment
6. Living things respond to stimuli
WHAT IS:
1) solar energy + carbon dioxide + water --> carbohydrate + oxygen
2) carbohydrates + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
Monomer and polymer of each organic molecule
Nucleic Acid: nucleotide, nucleic acid
Protein: amino acid, polypeptide
Lipid: glycerol, trigliceride
Carbohydrate: monosaccharide, polysaccharide
All species are classified into three domains
WHAT ARE: Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
The cell membrane is composed of this (allows for selection of what goes in/out of the cell)
WHAT IS: a phospholipid bilayer