Mitosis
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the type of reproduction that requires only ONE parent?
What is a mutation in genetics?
Any change to the order of nitrogenous bases in DNA.
AA is an example of what type of genotype?
Homozygous Dominant
What is the name of a small segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein? (and thus trait)
Gene
What does the cell do during Interphase to prepare for mitosis? (two)
1.) Grow and develop
2.) Duplicate its chromosomes
What is the name of the process that specialized cells in your body undergo to produce genetically DIFFERENT gametes (sperm and egg cells)?
Meiosis
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
The genotype Aa represents what type of genotype?
What are chromosomes made up of? (two)
DNA wrapped tightly around proteins.
What is the name of the stage following mitosis when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Name at least two organisms that reproduce asexually.
Name at least two organisms that reproduce sexually.
What organism did Gregor Mendel choose to study?
What does heterozygous mean?
To have one copy of the recessive gene and one copy of the dominant gene (example: Hh or Aa)
How many chromosomes do humans have in their normal body cells?
46
If a cell that contains 100 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes should its daughter cell contain?
If the same cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes should each of its daughter cells contain?
Mitosis - 100 chromosomes
Meiosis - 50 chromosomes
Why is sexual reproduction advantageous for an organism's survival in nature?
Sexual reproduction gives the opportunity for genetic diversity, which allows organisms to constantly adapt better to the environment they live in.
If a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent reproduce, what is the % chance that their offspring will be heterozygous?
100%
Give me an example of an organism that humans have selectively bred.
Answers will Vary
What are the names of the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?
Which of these ALWAYS pairs together in DNA?
Adenine - Thymine (apple - tree)
Cytosine - Guanine (car - garage)
Give me all stages of the cell cycle IN ORDER.
*This includes not only mitosis but also the stages that take place before and after mitosis.
1.) Interphase (90% of cell time)
2.) Prophase
3.) Metaphase (Middle)
4.) Anaphase (Away)
5.) Telophase (Two)
6.) Cytokinesis
Give me at least 3 examples of strange ways that organisms reproduce.
Answers Will Vary - Teacher's Choice
What is the % chance that two heterozygous parents will have a child that exhibits a recessive trait?
25% or 1/4
Explain why it is possible for a child to be born with albinism (lack of melanin) when neither of its parents has albinism?
Each parent must have been a heterozygous carrier of the albinism gene (example: Aa & Aa). This gave their children a 25% chance of inheriting both recessive albinism traits, thus being born albino.
1.) What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?
2.) Give me an example of each type of cell in the human body.
1.) Haploid cells contain only one copy of their chromosomes (23 in humans). While diploid cells contain two copies of their chromosomes (46 in humans).
2.) Haploid - Gametes (sperm and egg cells)
Diploid - All other body cells (skin cells, eye cells, etc.)