Atoms & Elements
These subatomic particles move in orbitals and repel one another.
What are electrons?
These atoms have a net charge, meaning they have an unbalanced number of protons and electrons.
What are ions?
pH measures how acidic or alkaline (basic) a substance is, the pH scale goes from ___ to ___.
What is 0 to 14?
Polymers are formed through these reactions.
What are condensation reactions?
All atoms of an element have the same number of this subatomic particle, which tells you the element's atomic number.
What are protons?
Single, double, triple - these types of bonds occur when atoms share a pair or pairs of electrons to fill their outermost shells.
What are covalent bonds?
A solution with a pH of 12.
What is a basic solution?
This polysaccharide is used as building material in plants and comprises their cell walls.
What is cellulose?
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers)
What are isotopes?
This type of chemical bond occurs when one or more electrons are transferred between atoms in order to stabilize their outermost electron shells, with the resulting ions being oppositely charged and attracted to each other, keeping them bonded together
What is an ionic bond?
A solution with a pH of 6.
What is an acidic solution?
These are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
What are proteins?
The 4 most common elements in living organisms
What are oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen?
An attraction between two or more polarized molecules - water (H2O) is a good example of a molecule that forms these types of bonds with other water molecules.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Pure water has a pH of 7.0, making it _____.
What is neutral?
The monomers of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
These atoms have an unstable nucleus that emits energy and particles, you will see them used in PET scans to help form images of body tissues
What are radioisotopes?
This type of covalent bond is more common than its' counterpart, occurring when atoms with different numbers of protons share electrons unequally.
What is a polar covalent bond?
These substances donate H+ when dissolved in water (add H+ to water).
What are acids?
What is a hydrolysis reaction?