Genetic Foundations
emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in explaining behavior
Evolutionary Psychology
extra 21st chromosome
Down Syndrome
seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development
Behavior genetics
first 2 weeks after conception
germinal period
is any agent that causes a birth defect or negatively alters cognitive and behavioral outcomes
teratogen
threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs
chromosomes
a genetic disorder that results from abnormality in the X chromosome when it becomes constricted and break
Fragile X syndrome
states that development is a function of the dynamic interaction between heredity and environment
epigenetic view
the formation of organs
organogenesis
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy that results in abnormalities that include facial deformities, defective limbs and heart, and mild to moderate IDD
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
the process by which cells divide into gametes
meiosis
detected genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acid
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
occur when biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment
Passive genotype-environment correlations
The first part of the nervous system to form
neural tube
vitamin necessary for proper nervous system development during prenatal development
folic acid
genetic principle that many genes can interact to produce a particular characteristic
polygenetic inheritance
chromosome disorder in which females are missing an X chromosome
Turner syndrome
occur when children and adolescents seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating
Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations
the massive proliferation of new neurons
neurogenesis
High levels of __________during pregnancy, which causes the release of high levels of cortisone, is a risk factor for having a child with emotional or cognitive problems, ADHD, and language delay and having a very low birth weight infant.
stress
the external, observable characteristics
phenotype
XXY
Klinefelter syndrome
occur because a child’s genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments
Evocative genotype-environment correlations
Babies are born with around ___________neurons
100 billion
use of this during pregnancy has been associated with lower intelligence and depressive symptoms in childhood and marijuana use as a teenager and linked to still birth.
marijuana