History & Design
Name one of the three key developmental issues in developmental psychology
Continuity-Discontinuity
Stability-Change
Nature-Nurture
The study of lifespan development utilizes this theoretical approach
What is an eclectic theoretical approach - using many different theories in combination
¤Life-span development is complex
¤Each theory has contribution to understanding development
nSelects from best features of each
The complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics.
What is genotype.
Name three suggestions that expectant mothers should do.
What are: get prenatal care, eat nutritious foods, exercise, seek support, and get adequate sleep.
This sense is the slowest to develop in newborns.
What is vision.
The life-span development concept of plasticity aligns most closely with which of the following?
a. stability
b. change
c. nature
d. nurture
Change
Psychoanalytic theories hold that development primarily depends on:
What is the unconscious mind.
It is believed that many genes interact to influence a psychological characteristic. This is the concept of:
What is polygenic inheritance.
In this stage of prenatal development, the zygote is attached to the uterine wall, the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, organs appear, the four chambers of the heart begin to appear, eyes appear, and the spinal cord begins to develop.
What is the embryonic stage.
This person said that the question in psychology was not nature vs. nurture, not what percentage was nature or nurture, but how nature and nurture interact.
Who is Anne Anastasi in 1958.
Kathy believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, social, and cognitive aspects. Kathy believes that development is:
What is Multidimensional
Maddy has been acting out at school. To discourage her behavior, her parents have given her additional chores for the month. This is an example of what type of operant conditioning?
What is positive punishment.
Brent is an athlete who loves to play catch or shoot baskets with his son Todd. Todd is quickly developing the same affinity for sports. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation?
What is passive
Describe 2 factors that affect the severity of effects from teratogens.
What are:
Dose -
Genetic susceptibility -
How much else is going on -
Time of exposure - embryonic most at risk
According to this view, development is the result of an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and environment.
What is an epigenetic view.
Anna attributes her thriftiness to having been raised during the Great Depression. This is an example of what type of contextual influence?
What is normative history-graded influence.
Joe lives on a farm. He is the second of seven children in his very conservative family. Jackie is growing up in New York City as the only child of liberal parents. Which ecological system is most different for Joe and Jackie?
What is the microsystem - innermost level of environment consists of activities and interaction patterns in the person's immediate surroundings.
A pattern of inheritance where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype resulting in a combined trait, or one that is intermediate.
What is incomplete dominance.
When baby Juanita was born, she had problems with her eyes, ears, and nose. MOST likely, Juanita’s problems came from defects in the formation of the:
What is the ectoderm.
The designation preterm is determined by:
What is time of gestation.
The type of design when we study participants over the same ages but in different years or different ages but during the same years.
Sequential research designs.
Name one critique and one contribution of cognitive theories.
Critiques:
¤Skepticism over the pureness of Piaget’s stages
¤Ignores individual variation
Contributions:
¤Positive view of development
¤Active construction of understanding
Describe an epigenetic view of development.
Development is the result of an ongoing bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment. Developmental outcome is not determined by a certain percentage of heredity and a certain percentage of environment. Genetic expression happens throughout the lifespan.
Briefly describe the three stages of birth.
First Stage:
-longest of the three stages
-uterine contractions begin
-cervix stretches and opens
Second Stage:
-lasts an average of 1 1/2 hours
-baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal
-baby completely emerges from the mother’s body
Third Stage (or afterbirth):
-shortest of the three stages
-placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled
Piaget theorized that children move through distinct stages of cognitive development with each stage being qualitatively different than the one preceding. His theory reflects which aspect of developmental philosophy?
What is discontinuity.