Chapter 6
By how many weeks of gestation is the fetus considered viable?
20 weeks
At what age does the sucking reflex/response appear and disappear?
If there is a problem with the parents or environment, a child responds by developing what?
A defense mechanism or coping skill
What is the ability of an infant to express understandable speech?
Preverbal
What is the pairing of genes called?
An allele
What can cause a major maldevelopment or malfunction during critical periods of fetal development?
Illness, lack of nutrition, or exposure to toxins
What is an affectionate tie that occurs over time as a result of parent-infant interaction?
Attachment
What is defined as a unique combination of characteristics that result in the individual's recurrent pattern of behavior?
Personality
Following a clinic immunization, how should a nurse encourage a parent?
Suggest rocking, holding, or feeding infant to calm them before leaving the room
What is knowns as abnormal variations of genes?
Mutation
According to Healthy People 2030, what is needed to prevent disease in the next generation?
Improve the nutrition of mothers and babies and reduce exposure to infection in early childhood
How can a nurse support a patient with postpartum blues?
Teaching concerning self-care, infant care, support and offering reassurance.
From 1-4 months of age, the infant is focused on the parent, and when held, prefers what position?
En face
What are signs of infant neglect?
Failure to thrive, dirty clothes, and skin rashes
What is characterized as mental retardation and abnormal facial feature of newborns?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What are benefits of exercise during pregnancy?
Healthy weight gain, improved energy level, mood, sleep, muscle tone and decreased risk of gestational diabetes.
In Rubin's Psychological changes after birth, what is describes as the "taking in" phase?
When mother is passive, lets others care for her and infant, talks about delievery experience and requests food or the opportunity to sleep.
When stimulation reaches a high level for the infant, how will he or she react?
Turn away to rest and return to view when ready for further stimulation
What reflex prevents ingestion of solid foods in the first few months of life?
Tongue extrusion reflex
What are the stages of fetal development?
zygote (up to 2 weeks)
embryo (2-9 weeks)
fetus (9 weeks and up)
What are the periods of parental development?
1 - response to discovering conception
2 - realization of pregnancy becomes evident
3 - plans for birth become focus
What does the APGAR score include?
heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, color and reflex irritability
When does separation anxiety begin and peak?
6 months and 9/10 months
The eruption of the first 20 ______ teeth, usually begins at _______ months of age and the ______ are usually the first to emerge.
Deciduous; 5-7 months; upper and lower central incisors
What does ELSI stand for regarding gene therapy?
Ethical, legal, and social implications