Pot Luck
Define lifespan psychology
Which theory is Piaget's?
Theory of cognitive development
Out of the three broad categories of psychological investigations, which one is most common in the study of development?
Observational
Which theory is Erikson's?
Psychosocial development
Name one social factor that influences healthy development
Many potential answers e.g. parenting styles, supportive education, having meaningful relationships with others
Process of adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to incorporate new information.
Accommodation
The stage of Piaget's theory that includes an egocentric viewpoint
Pre-operational stage
In 2007, iPhones did not have an emoji keyboard. In 2008, the emoji keyboard was first introduced. Name AND describe a process that would have occurred to the schemas of iPhone users.
Accommodation - iPhone schemas would have been altered to include the new function - "the ability to include emojis in messages"
Summarise Erikson's theory (holistically, not the individual stages)
Erikson's theory states that individuals pass through eight developmental stages at key points in life, each involving a different crisis that must be successfully resolved in order to achieve healthy development
Name one biological factor that influences healthy development
Many potential answers e.g. low stress levels, not inheriting aversive DNA from parents, being free from illness
Infant's understanding that objects or people continue to exist even when they cannot be directly seen, heard, or touched.
Object permanence
The stage demonstrated by abstract thinking and metacognition
Formal operational
A child sees a small dog and says "look - a cat!". Define AND describe this process.
Assimilation - the child has taken new information (a small dog) and fitted it into their existing schema (of a cat being a small animal with 4 legs)
The conflict in Erikson's theory for young adults. General experience of when they are looking to commit to something or someone.
Intimacy vs. isolation
Name one psychological factor that influences healthy development
Many potential answers e.g. positive outlook on life, positive thought patterns, good mental health, functioning memory processes, healthy progression through Paiget's stages of cognitive development
In a longitudinal study, it was found that as children age into teenage-hood, their self-esteem levels go down. How would you describe the relationship between these variables?
Cognition at this age focuses on what is concrete (what can be experienced through the senses)
Concrete operational stage
A framework that mentally organises and interprets information.
Schema
The final stage and tension of Erikson's theory - name and description
Integrity vs. despair - when someone looks back on his/her life and reflects on whether or not he/she lived a fulfilled life.
Describe a cognitive function that a 7 year old must develop in order to achieve healthy development. Your answer must refer to (by name) a theory learnt in class.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a 7 year old must begin to understand conservation (the idea that an object does not change weight/mass/volume when it changes shape or appearance) in order to achieve healthy development
Describe how a cross-sectional study could be conducted at GIHS to determine which students are in the formal operational stage.
Organise students into pre-existing groups (year levels)
Give all participants a set of questions that require them to use their abstract thinking skills
The results of how many correct and incorrect answers per year level can be used to determine which year level can and cannot use abstract thinking (can - successfully completing formal operational, cannot - not successfully completing the stage)
Name all four of Piaget's stages in order (including the ages of the stages)
Sensorimotor (B-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-12), formal operational (12+)
There are a few cognitive functions that develop during the sensorimotor stage. What is the ONE function that develops close to 2 years old? (name and describe)
Children begin to develop goal directed behaviour - they start to understand that their actions will get them what they want / that their behaviour can serve a particular purpose.
Name all eight of Erikson's stages in order (including the ages of the stages)
Basic Trust VS Mistrust (0-2)
Autonomy VS Shame & Doubt (2-4)
Initiative VS Guilt (4-5)
Industry VS Inferiority (5-12)
Identity VS Role Confusion (13-19)
Intimacy VS Isolation (20-40)
Generativity VS Stagnation (40-65)
Integrity VS Despair (65-death)
Describe a social experience that a 7 year old must go through in order to achieve healthy development. Your answer must refer to a theory learnt in class.