Developmental Theorists
Who proposed the cognitive development stages?
→ Piaget
What growth pattern goes head → toe?
Cephalocaudal
What are semantics?
Meaning of words/sentences.
What is temperament?
Innate emotional reactivity.
Define palliative care.
Comfort care near end-of-life.
Who developed the theory of moral reasoning?
Kohlberg
What is a teratogen?
Prenatal harmful agent.
What theory claims language is innate?
Chomsky’s nativist theory.
What is “goodness of fit”?
Match between temperament and environment.
What is an advance directive?
Legal medical-wishes document.
Which theorist studied adult life structure?
Levinson
What physical change begins in midlife?
Vision decline, muscle loss, presbyopia.
Define overregularization.
Overapplying grammar rules (“runned”).
Which parenting style is warm + firm?
Authoritative
Define senescence.
Natural aging decline
Who created the ecological systems theory?
Bronfenbrenner
Primary vs. secondary aging?
Primary = biological; Secondary = environment/lifestyle.
What is the sensitive period for language?
Early childhood (2–6).
Define peer acceptance
How liked a child is by peers
Term for ending life-sustaining treatment?
Passive euthanasia.
Name two ways Erikson differs from Freud
Erikson covers the whole lifespan; focuses on social conflicts, not psychosexual stages.
What is synaptic pruning?
Eliminating unused connections for efficiency.
Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence?
Fluid = novel problem-solving; Crystallized = knowledge base
How do friendships change in adolescence?
More intimate, loyal, value-based.
Why do older adults regulate emotion better?
Positivity effect; focusing on meaningful experiences.