Reflection
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Incident ray, Normal ray, Reflected lies on the same side of the plane
Name the two types of spherical mirrors
Concave mirror and convex mirror.
Draw a ray diagram for an object placed at the center of curvature of a concave mirror.
The image will be real, inverted, and of the same size as the object, formed at the center of curvature.
An object is placed 20 cm from a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm. Calculate the image distance.
Using the mirror formula, 1/f=1/v+1/u
where f = 10 cm and u = −20 cm, v = −20 cm. The image is real, inverted, and of the same size as the object.
What type of mirror is used in Solar furnace
Concave mirror
What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?
A virtual, erect, and laterally inverted image of the same size as the object
Where is the principal focus of a concave mirror located?
The principal focus of a concave mirror is located in front of the mirror on the principal axis
What happens to the image of an object placed at the focus of a concave mirror?
The image will be formed at infinity; it will be highly enlarged, real, and inverted
An object is placed 30 cm in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of 15 cm. Calculate the image distance.
f=+15 cm and u = −30 cm, v = +10 cm. The image is virtual, erect, and diminished.
Which type of mirror is used in car headlights and why?
Concave mirror, because it converges light into a parallel beam for better visibility.
What is the normal line in reflection?
The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence where the light ray strikes.
What type of image does a convex mirror always produce
A virtual, erect, and diminished image.
Draw a ray diagram for an object placed between the pole and the focus of a convex mirror.
The image will be virtual, erect, and diminished, formed between the pole and the focus behind the mirror.
A concave mirror has a focal length of 12 cm. If the image formed is at a distance of 24 cm from the mirror, where should the object be placed?
u=−36 cm. The object should be placed 36 cm from the mirror.
How does a periscope work?
A periscope uses plane mirrors set at 45-degree angles to reflect light from one end to the other, allowing one to see over obstacles.
If a ray of light falls perpendicular to a mirror surface, what will be the angle of reflection?
0 degrees
What is the mirror formula for spherical mirrors?
1/f=1/v+1/u, where F is the focal length, V is the image distance, and U is the object distance.
Describe the image formation for a convex mirror when an object is placed at infinity.
The image will be virtual, erect, and diminished, formed at the focal point behind the mirror.
An object 2 cm high is placed 15 cm away from a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm. Calculate the position, nature, and size of the image.
v = −30 cm. The image is 4 cm high, real, inverted, and formed at 30 cm.
What is the purpose of using a convex lens in magnifying glasses?
To converge light rays and create a magnified virtual image of objects.
What is the difference between regular and diffuse reflection?
Regular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces and produces clear images, while diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces and scatters light, resulting in no clear image.
Describe the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed between the focus and the pole.
The image is virtual, erect, and magnified.
Explain with a ray diagram how a concave mirror forms a real, inverted image smaller than the object when the object is placed beyond the center of curvature.
The image is formed between the focus and the center of curvature, it is real, inverted, and smaller than the object
A convex mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. An object is placed 40 cm away from the mirror. Determine the location and magnification of the image.
v=+13.3 cm, and magnification M = 0.33. The image is virtual, erect, and diminished.
Explain the working principle of a compound microscope.
A compound microscope uses two lenses (objective and eyepiece) to magnify small objects. The objective lens creates a real, inverted image, which is further magnified by the eyepiece to form a virtual, enlarged image.