Wave Properties
The distance between two consecutive peaks in a light wave.
Wavelength
A wave that carries energy even through empty space.
Light
The type of light that humans can see; wavelength determines color.
Visible Light
A pigment molecule in skin cells that absorbs UV to protect DNA.
Melanin
The Sun produces all forms of light in the electromagnetic spectrum. List the 7 types.
Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, radio waves
The height of a wave from rest to crest, which affects its intensity or perceived loudness (for sound) and brightness (for light).
Amplitude
When light hits a surface and bounces back.
Reflection
EM waves with long wavelengths and low energy commonly used for wireless signals, cooking, and radar.
Microwaves
Why do people with more melanin have lower risk of UV damage?
Protects genetic material (DNA)
These two types of light are blocked by the atmosphere and do not reach Earth’s surface.
Gamma Ray & X-ray
The number of wave peaks passing a point per second; higher values increase energy.
Frequency
When light passes through a material without being absorbed.
Transmission
EM waves with the lowest energy and longest wavelength; ideal for broadcasting signals long distances.
Radio
Why does Australia have higher skin cancer rates than Brazil? (Must state ALL THREE reasons)
High UV exposure + low melanin levels + thin ozone layer
How does ozone in the atmosphere reduce UV reaching Earth?
Absorbs
Light is classified into different types based on its ______.
Wavelengths
When light is taken in by a material and transfers energy, causing a change.
Absorption
The EM wave with the highest energy and shortest wavelength; dangerous to living cells.
Gamma Rays
In one hands-on investigation, ________________ visibly responded to UV light from Flashlight B, providing evidence that energy is present, can cause changes, and modeled genetic material.
Color-changing stars and beads
How does sulfuric acid in the atmosphere reduce UV exposure?
Reflects
Light with more energy has a ______ wavelength.
Shorter
Wave A has the smallest amplitude, Wave B has medium amplitude, and Wave C has the tallest amplitude. All three waves have the same wavelength and frequency. Which wave will sound the loudest to the ear?
Wave C
EM waves with high energy, short wavelength, and can penetrate soft tissue; used in medical imaging.
X-rays
Three ways to protect our skin cells from harmful UV light are ________________.
Wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, limiting time in the sun, and staying in the shade
How does CO₂ in the atmosphere interact with UV?
Transmits