Language Teaching Methods
Typical lesson consists of (1) presentation of grammatical rules, (2) list of new words, (3) grammar exercises, and (4) translation of texts with certain grammatical rules and words.
Grammar Translation Method
Students use the language both within and beyond the school setting.
5.1 School and Global Communities
_______________level are able to use language skillfully, and with accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness. They can reflect on a wide range of global issues and highly abstract concepts in a culturally appropriate manner.
Distinguished
_________ involves recalling what was encountered before.
Retrieval
_____________assessment is used to evaluate students’ performance at the end of a learning period. It usually compares students’ scores against some standard.
Summative
Teaching focuses on oral interaction and spontaneous use of language (including a native-like pronunciation). No translation. Grammar is taught indirectly.
The Direct Method
Students engage in conversations, provide and obtain information, express feelings and emotions, and exchange opinions.
1.1 Interpersonal Mode
______________ level listeners understand speech that is authentic and connected. This speech is lexically and structurally uncomplicated. The discourse is straightforward and is generally organized in a clear and predictable way.
Advanced
Present words in a reading or listening and have students guess their meaning based off of the this.
Context
_________assessment is used by teachers to monitor students’ learning progress in a learning period. The purpose of this is to provide information that can improve classroom teaching.
Formative
Based on behaviourist theory. Language learning is seen as acquiring a set of appropriate mechanical habits
The Audio-lingual method
Students demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the products and perspectives of the culture studied.
2.2 Relating Cultural Products to Perspectives
At the _______ level, readers can understand key words and cognates, as well as formulaic phrases that are highly contextualized.
Novice
Learning is facilitated when they notice the gap between a language form and the equivalent target language form in the input.
Noticing Hypothesis
_______ a process that educators use to design learning experiences and instructional techniques to achieve specific learning goals.
backward design lesson planning
Listening was very important. Learners were asked to devote a period of time solely on listening before they speak to “internalize the sound system” of the targeted language.
The Natural Approach
This standard focuses on the impact that learning the linguistic elements in the new language has on students’ ability to examine English and to develop hypotheses about the structure and use of languages.
4.1 Language Comparisons
What level was the student who wrote this? "My name is Pascal. I am a member of the accounting department. I work here since 6 years. I am in charge of audit of your company. Nice to meet you. This e-mail is the first contact of us. I want to know each other. Please let me know when you can attend a meeting. How about 12 Feb or 14 Feb? And Where do you hope to take place? Please asertain the agenda of meeting. Regard. Pascal"
Intermidiate
The greater number of encounters, and the depth of the quality of the encounters, the more likely it is that learning will occur.
Repetition
Language acquisition (unconscious) is different than language learning (conscious).
This theory is included in _________
Krashen’s monitor model
Communication is seen both as the mean and the goal of language teaching. Learning is believed to be a process of creative construction and involves trial and error.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Students relate the information studied in other subjects to their learning of the foreign language and culture.
3.1 Making Connections
_______________ level listeners understand speech that typically uses precise, specialized vocabulary and complex grammatical structures. This speech often deals abstractly with topics in a way that is appropriate for academic and professional audiences.
Superior
What does it mean to know a word?
meaning, formal aspects, grammatical knowledge, associations, use of a word
What are the four main characteristics of a task?
A task involves a primary focus on (pragmatic) meaning.
A task has some kind of ‘gap’ (i.e., information gap, reasoning gap, and opinion gap).
The participants choose the linguistic resources needed to complete the task.
A task has a clearly defined, non-linguistic outcome.