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100
What was containment?
The policy that declared the United States' intention of of taking whatever economic and military means were necessary to stop the spread of communism.
100
Why was the scholastic aptitude test (SAT) created?
To be the valid measure in academic aptitude to ensure objectivity in determining eligibility for his scholarship. Simply: To measure students ability for his scholarship program.
100
Progress continued to be central to the 20th century liberal ideology and was considered achievable by _________ and ________.
science and technology
100
In the "slums" section of "Slums and Suburbs," there was a bias towards what?
Vocational education
100
Although education had the potential to foster social fluidity, what did Conant lament about the first decades in the 20th century?
Stratification increased in the United states
200
why was the workplace becoming centralized?
the assembly line, placing the power in the hands of engineers and managers, and the scarcity of farm work
200
Conant regarded himself as an educational calvanist. what does this mean?
Children are "predestined" to have a certain set capacities in their early school career.
200
Without progress to social mobility, Conant feared that more Americans would endeavor to foment social change through ________. What did he thus conclude?
Violent action. He thus concluded that "the chances of nonrevolutionary development of our nation in the next fifty years seems to me to be determined largely by our education system." I.E. education is the answer
200
By closely studying test results and directly observing high schools what did conant hope to demonstrate about comprehensive schools?
They educated the academically talented as thoroughly as European homogeneous style secondary schools.
200
what did Conant see as the backbone of democracy and the means of securing it?
social mobility is the backbone and school reform would secure it.
300
What did Conant refer to as the appropriate cutoff for identifying the academically talented?
an IQ of 115
300
What did life adjustment courses stress?
Hands on experience and focus on contemporary problems. Whatever was "functional" or "relevant"
300
In the "American High school today" in the winter of 1959 (two years after sputnik) what did Conant assert?
that the comprehensive high school, by educating academic and vocational students under the same roof contributed to democratic unity while preparing both for their post high school positions.
300
As conant investigated high schools, who did he realize were academically talented students not being challenged or encouraged to go on to college?
Girls
300
When Conant accepted Harvard's presidency, what problems did he have with the former president, Abbot Lawrence Lowell?
Lowell had a preference for scholars with a broad liberal arts background but little specialized knowledge and he had an aversion to ethnic minorities
400
How did Conant treat the individual?
The means of greater cultural, social, and political unity.
400
In 1957, what did the Soviets do that alarmed the American public and made them think their schools had failed to teach math and science to an entire generation of students?
launch sputnik
400
In the postwar years, educational debate in the United states centered on the value of schooling for _______________.
life adjustment
400
what was educational quality being linked to in the 1930's?
national security
400
Why did Conant lobby for granting college's subsidies to only select a group of veterans who demonstrated high intellectual capacity?
He feared than an influx of nontraditional students would lead to a lowering of academic standars, and veterans had the worst academic records and lower SAT scores than average.
500
In the post World War II era, democracy had come to be regarded as a form of government properly administered by experts. What did this mean for the common man?
He was too selfish and uninformed to cope with the rigors of governing in a complex age.
500
compare classical liberal conceptions of freedom with that of New liberal conceptions of freedom.
classical: (1) Negative freedom (2) government must stay out of individual's lives except when safety is at stake (3) individual is free to pursue his own interests (4) faith in individual to act out with rational self-interest. New liberal: Positive freedom. (2) government may intervene to promote happiness. (3) individual's activities are always connected with others. (4) Faith in decision of experts.
500
How did conant answer the question "How can you build a classless society through the mechanism of relentlessly classifying the entire population?
1: America must acknowledge the important place of experts in every field. 2: America must reject advancement through hereditary position and allow the talented to rise to the important positions (meritocracy) 3: All types of labor must be regarded as equal
500
Despite his constant references to democracy, what kind of government did Conant want?
One run by experts with only limited participation of the masses.
500
In addition to the Soviet threat, what other issue was America dealing with after World War II?
civil rights
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