First Line of Defence
Fill in the blank:
The system of ____________ to prevent pathogens from entering the body is the first line of defence.
Barriers
True or False:
A fever is a temperature above 27°C.
False.
A fever is an increase in core body temperature above 38°C
Define specialised.
When a cell has a specific function.
Identify what type of barrier cilia is.
Physical barrier
True or false:
Pathogens engulf phagocytes to remove them from the body.
False.
Phagocytes engulf pathogens to remove them from the body.
Name the biggest barrier against pathogens.
The skin
What are the three responses that make up the second line of defence?
fever, inflammation and phagocytes
What is the name of the protein produced by B cells?
Antibodies
What are the two symptoms of a fever?
Sweating and shivering
What response removes pathogens from the stomach?
vomitting
Name two entry points in the body where pathogens can enter the body.
mouth, airways, eyes or urinary tracts
How does inflammation help the body respond to pathogens?
it directs more white blood cells to the area of infections
What is the first response in the third line of defence?
B cells travel through the blood and produce antibodies which identify pathogens by binding to them.
Which of the following is not involved in the second line of defence?
A. Inflammation
B. Barriers
C. Fevers
D. Phagocytes
Barriers
What is an infection?
When pathogens enter the body and multiplies.
Name three substances found in the body that act as both a physical and chemical barrier.
Tears, mucus and saliva
What are the two symptoms of inflammation?
Painful redness and swelling
Finish the sentence:
After the antibody binds to a pathgoen B cells will make copies of...
itself (B-cells) and antibodies.
What response removes pathogens from the stomach?
Vommiting
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity generally kills pathogens whereas adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens.
Differentiate between physical and chemical barriers.
Physical barriers stop pathogens from entering the body by trapping or blocking them whereas chemical barriers stop pathogens by killing them.
What are phagocytes?
White blood cells that destroy pathogens by swallowing or engulfing it.
Explain what cells allows the body to become immune to a pathogen.
Memory cells remain in the blood to attack pathogens that try to re-enter the body again. Memory cells work so quickly, that the body doesn't even get sick.
What are the two main roles of the third line of defence.
Identify and destroy pathogens AND build long-lasting immunity againt pathogens
Describe the structure of antibodies.
Antibodies are y-shaped with a specific shape that bind to the receptor of pathogens