Slide Deck 1
Research that is on a language, and that is conducted for, with and by the language-speaking community within which the research takes place
What is collaborative field work according to Czyakowska-Higgins?
Identity is passed down patrilineally -self-identify by language you speak
What is stable multilingualism?
This is a langauge described in the colonial chronicles having been spoken in the highlands of Southern Ecuador. Gnerre (1975) suggested that toponyms in this language area are reminiscent of Chicham toponyms with tons of evidence to prove this , with similarities in the form of toponyms, semantics within the first and second components within the compound and geographic distribution of the toponyms.
What is Palta?
Organizations dedicated to revitalization have been formed since the early 1990s
What is the Institutional Role in Revitalization?
Use modern tech to creat and distribute materials to revitalize indigenous languages
What is Grassroots Indigenous Multimedia?
Engagement with Indigenous people
What is Fieldwork?
People have very strong feelings against mixing language due to cultural reasons and attitudes that realte to language and identity, Mixing language is very rare and discouraged except only when hunting it is allowed to use place names and secret words
What is lexical borrowing?
Toponyms ending in -nama/-numa are evocative of the Chicham locative case marker
What is Toponymic Evidence?
Documentation of 3 areas of endangered cultural knowledge has mobilized the community
1) traditional prayers and incantations (anent)
2) knwledge of flora/fauna (avoidance register included)
3) toponymy
What are Community-Based Projects?
Concern for _________ due to rapid lifestyle changes affecting traditional knowledge transmission.
What is Knowledge Endangerment?
Heavy workload, no compensation and forces the community members to participate
What are the cons of Czyakowska-Higgins approach?
The most frequently hunted animals have alternate names used during hunting and this Provides a vehicle for lexical borrowing in Shiwiar and is the only motivation that allows lexical borrowing.
What is Avoidance Register?
Hydronyms end in <-as> just like high-frequency shiwiar toponyms
What is Hydronym Evidence?
Builds community power, immediate crisis response, advocate for systemic change
What are Grassroots Non-profits?
First Nations run crown coporation created in 1990 to provide funding and resources to communities
What is First People's Cultural Council?
Need to work with the community members to understand the goal and their needs.
What is collaborative fieldowork according to England 1992?
Compounds with 2 components: first is usually a person's name or flora/fauna or could be an adjective, ideophone or a common noun that refers to a culturally important item; the second is the word river (intsa) or lake (mamus) or occasionally it could be the word fish n(a)mak
What are Hydronyms?
Ajilanga, Sozoranga, Orianga, Quizanga
What are some toponyms ending in <-anga>?
Collabs between linguistic and tribal organizations and government agencies
What are partnerships?
Pre-school language nest program, mento-apprentice program, and language revitalization program, B.C> language initiative and aboriginal languages initiative
What are the main language programs of First People's Cultural Council?
Need to be working with communities to understand the role of the linguist and what is being asked of the linguist.
What is collaborative fieldwork according to Dobrin 2016?
Compounds with 2 components; first is village names are most often a contracted form of a river name; the second component in contracted forms is often lenited and high-frequency components are lenited further.
What are Toponyms?
Whenever the first element has a recognizable cognate, it refers to a person, flora/fauna or culturally important object
What are recognizable cognates in toponyms?
There is no concern for ________ because it is spoken by the entire nation and is being transmitted to younger generations
What is No Language Endangerment?
Enshrined into an advisory role for the provinvial government with regualr reports on B.C. First nations languages
What is Government Advocacy?