phonology
if pitch and intensity of a syllable are low, it is referred to as this
what is an unstressed syllable?
lexemes included in the meaning of a more general, superordinate lexeme
what are (co-)hyponyms?
a concrete realisation of a morpheme in actual language use
what is a morph?
the study of the way the organs of speech are used to produce speech sounds
what is articulatory phonetics?
the ability to convey messages that are false, deceptive, or meaningless
what is prevarication?
the study of allophones and the inventory of meaning-distinguishing sounds are part of this subdivision of phonology
what is segmental phonology?
this sense relation describes two or more related meanings expressed by a single lexeme
what is polysemy?
they are typically classified according to autonomy, function and position
vowel sounds which are produced by keeping the tongue and the lips steady
what are monophtongs?
the concept at the centre of Bühler’s Organon Model
what is the linguistic sign? ("Zeichen", "Z")
when one allophone never occurs where the other occurs
what is complementary distribution (of two allophones)?
different lexemes that are both homophones and homographs
what are homonyms?
this subdivision of morphology deals with morphological processes that are relevant for syntax and creation of word-forms
what is inflection?
obstruents where a complete stop of airstream is followed by an obstructed release which causes friction
what are affricates?
the hearer-oriented communicative function in which the speaker seeks the achievement of a goal relating to the hearer
what is the directive function (portrayed in Bühler’s Organon Model)?
this contains all English words that contain a particular vowel
what is a lexical set (developed by John C. Wells)?
what is meronymy?
words that contain more than one morpheme
what are polymorphemic words?
the difference in how [n] and [m] are produced
what is the place of articulation? (alveolar vs. bilabial)
traditional ideological approach, providing norms on how language should be used
what is the prescriptive approach in linguistic analysis?
in this type one symbol is used for one phoneme, and allophonic variation is ignored
what is phonemic transcription?
a sense relation where the meaning of one lexeme is equivalent to the negation of the other lexeme
what is complementary antonymy?
what remains after all inflectional morphemes are removed
what is the stem of a word?
in the English language, all speech sounds are produced by this forced movement of air
what is a pulmonic egressive airstream?
this comparative approach in linguistic analysis focusses on similarities across many languages
what is a typological approach?