Name that transcription
[weɪdɚ]
wader
U.S. linguist and political critic. His theory of language structure, transformational generative grammar, superseded the behaviorist view of Bloomfield.
Noam Chomsky
[b]
"if a language has structure X, then it must also have structure Y." For example, X might be "mid front rounded vowels" and Y "high front rounded vowels"
implicational universals, Joseph Greenberg
Name one famous cognitive linguist
Noam Chomsky, Wallace Chafe, Charles Fillmore, George Lakoff, Ronald Langacker, and Leonard Talmy
[maɪlz]
miles
Widely recognised as one of the first linguists to analyse gender as a powerful, complex and nuanced influence on linguistic form and language as a social practice. Her position as a feminist-sociolinguist pioneer rests against a broader concern with power, discourse and linguistics.
Robin Lakoff
voiceless velar stop
[k]
...to highlight and interpret systematic phonological and semantic correspondences between two or more attested languages. If those correspondences cannot be rationally explained as the result of language contact (borrowings, areal influence, etc.), and if they are sufficiently numerous and systematic that they cannot be dismissed as chance similarities, then it must be assumed that they descend from a single proto-language.
comparative method
Explain descriptive vs. prescriptive linguistic approaches
Descriptive grammar is the linguistic approach which studies what a language is like, as opposed to prescriptive, which declares what a language should be like. In other words, descriptive grammarians focus analysis on how all kinds of people in all sorts of environments, usually in more casual, everyday settings, communicate, whereas prescriptive grammarians focus on the grammatical rules and structures predetermined by linguistic registers and figures of power.
[jaɪks]
yikes
Swiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies.
Ferdinand de Saussure
voiceless labiodental fricative
[f]
study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics.
philology
a process of word formation,[1] in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness
inflection
[ɛgbitɚ]
eggbeater
U.S. linguist, born in Russia. His publications include Children's Speech (1941) and Fundamentals of Language (1956).
Roman Jakobson
voiced palatal glide
[j]
a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features. Its aim is to describe and explain the common properties and the structural diversity of the world's languages
typology
Synthetic languages?
uses inflection or agglutination to express syntactic relationships within a sentence. Inflection is the addition of morphemes to a root word that assigns grammatical property to that word, while agglutination is the combination of two or more morphemes into one word. The information added by morphemes can include indications of a word's grammatical category, such as whether a word is the subject or object in the sentence. Morphology can be either relational or derivational
[paɪɹomɛniak]
pyromaniac
Polish-born U.S. linguist and anthropologist. He was a founder of ethnolinguistics, which considers the relationship of culture to language, and a principal developer of the American (descriptive) school of structural linguistics.
Edward Sapir
voiceless labialized velar approximate
[ʍ]
language entirely determines the range of cognitive processes
linguistic determinism
Draw a syntax tree for the following sentence:
The dog chased the cat down the street