hey
the period of growth in which full native competence is possible when acquiring a language
Critical Period Hypothesis
Age of onset
the end result of learning a second language, or the ability to reach a native-like level of proficiency
Ultimate attainment
the ability of a person or community to use more than one language
Multicompetence
the speed at which an individual learns and incorporates new linguistic elements, like words, grammatical structures, or sounds, into their language abilities, usually measured by the number of new items acquired per unit of time, like per week or month
Rate of acquisition
the specific order in which all language learners acquire the grammatical features of their first language
Order or route of acquisition
rules that have to be followed no matter what, like saying "he is" instead of "he are". It's not like "gonna" vs "going to" where depending on the context you could use either
non-variable rules
____________refers to thinking and knowing, while _________ refers to acting on thoughts and feelings
Conative and cognitive
the way different cultures impact and shape each other's languages
Cross-cultural influence
a person's potential to learn a new language
Language Aptitude
a teaching method that allows students to learn independently by exploring information and drawing their own conclusions
Implicit instruction
a teaching method that uses clear, direct explanations to help students understand concepts and skills
Explicit instruction
Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis
Contrastive Analysis
examines the errors made by learners in the target language to understand the underlying reasons behind those errors
Error Analysis
a drive to learn a language or culture in order to connect with people who speak it
Integrative motivation
a practical or pragmatic reason for doing something, such as learning a language
Instrumental motivation
doing something because it's enjoyable or personally satisfying, rather than for a reward or to avoid punishment
Intrinsic motivation
when someone is motivated to do something because of external factors, such as rewards or avoiding punishment
Extrinsic motivation
a language or form of language having features of two others,
Interlanguage
refers to the differences between languages, dialects, and speakers
variation/variability
the words and sentences that come before and after a word or phrase, and that help determine its meaning
Linguistic context
the physical and social environment in which linguistics happens
Social context