Phonology
Morphology
Semantics
100
What is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another?
A phoneme.
100
What is the smallest grammatical unit of meaning or function in a language?
A morpheme. 
100
What subfield of linguistics studies the literal meaning of words, phrases, and sentences?
Semantics. 
200
Look at this symbol: ə . What is the specific name of this central vowel sound, which is the most common vowel in English?
Schwa. 
200
Look at the word "unhappy". What type of bound morpheme is "un-"?
A prefix (or affix / bound morpheme).
200
What is the semantic relationship between the words "big" and "small"?
Antonyms (Antonymy).
300
Words like "pat" and "bat" that differ by only a single sound in the same position are known as a ______ pair.
Minimal pair.
300
In the word "cats", what kind of morpheme is the "-s"? (It changes the grammatical form from singular to plural without creating a new word).
An inflectional morpheme.
300
When a single word has multiple historical meanings that are related, such as "head" (part of the body / leader of a company), this phenomenon is called ________.
Polysemy.
400
What is the term for the variant phonetic realizations of a single phoneme, such as the aspirated [pʰ] in "pin" versus the unaspirated [p] in "spin"?
Allophones.
400
What morphological process involves creating a new word by joining two or more independent words together, such as "classroom" or "sunflower"?
Compounding.
400
What is the semantic relationship of inclusion, where the meaning of one word is included within another (e.g., "rose" is a type of "flower")?
500
Which articulatory feature describes sounds produced by completely obstructing the airflow in the vocal tract and then suddenly releasing it (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/)?
Plosives (or Stops).
500
What is the term for a concrete surface realization of a morpheme, just as a phone is a surface realization of a phoneme?
A morph (or allomorph).
500
What is the term for a phrase whose collective meaning cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of its individual words, such as "kick the bucket" or "bite the bullet"?
An idiom (or idiomatic expression).