Phonetics
vowel sounds produced moving the tongue towards a middle position
what are centering diphtongs?
[p], [b], [m], [w] are examples
what are bilabial consonants?
the study of phenomena which extend over more than one phoneme (e.g. syllables, stress, intonation and rhythm)
what is supra-segmental phonology?
the ability to convey messages that are false, deceptive, or meaningless
what is prevarication?
these relationships describe the horizontal connection between linguistic units
what are syntagmatic relationships?
symbols complementing the basic IPA symbols to indicate further details about sounds
what are diacritics?
/ɔː/
what is the long, mid, back vowel produced with rounded lips?
phonemes are organized into these larger structures
what are syllables?
at the physical level, languages have distinct sounds that are meaningless if considered individually, yet their combination may create meaningful units that can be used as communicative symbols.
what is duality of patterning / double articulation?
an example of this lexical ambiguity is mouse:
1. ‘small rodent’,
2. ‘small hand-held device’
what is polysemy?
voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation
according to which articulatory features are consonants generally classified?
/dʒ/
what is the voiced, post-alveolar affricate
an initial consonant or consonant cluster before the nucleus of a syllable
what is the onset?
the capacity of human beings to use words and grammatical constructions to talk about events that go beyond the immediate situation, that is, events that are displaced in time and space
what is displacement?
the phoneme inventory of a particular language can largely be determined through application of this
what is a minimal pair test?
sounds produced with articulators moving and modifying the airstream (without blocking it completely or causing friction)
what are approximants?
all sounds from this category are voiced consonants
what are sonorants?
up to four consonants that can occur after the nucleus of a syllable
what is the coda?
the ability to communicate about communication
what is reflexiveness?
they must be identical except for exactly one sound in the same position and have distinct meanings
what conditions must be fulfilled by words used in a minimal pair test?
a type of sonorants where airstream flows through the center of the mouth
what are central approximants?
/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /aʊ/ and /əʊ/, but not /oʊ/
what are the closing diphtongs in Received Pronunciation?
a syllable which contains one or more consonants in coda position
what is a closed syllable?
the more fundamental ability to use our existing repertoire of words and grammatical constructions to produce a theoretically infinite number of utterances
what is creativity?
it is represented by a dotted line because it is indirect and mediated through a concept
why is the relationship between the form of a linguistic expression and its referent in the world in [Odgen&Richard's] semiotic triangle represented by a dotted line?