Compare and Contrast
What is the difference between receptive and productive/expressive language?
Receptive: RECEIVE/listening/reading
Productive: PRODUCE/speaking/writing
_______ is a loss or impairment of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to brain damage.
Aphasia
Do nativist theories of language acquisition focus on nature (innate biology) or nurture (environmental factors)?
Nature
What is the focus of non-nativist theories of language acquisition, as opposed to nativist theories?
Environmental (not innate) factors
Give one other name for the L1.
First language, native language, mother tongue
Give one example of formal L2 learning and one example of informal L2 learning.
Formal: Learning the L2 in a classroom context
Informal: Learning the L2 through immersion/informal interactions
_______, as opposed to aphasia, is a developmental disorder that results in difficulty with reading and word recognition. It is not related to physical brain damage.
Dyslexia
Name the main linguist associated with Nativist theories of language acquisition.
Chomsky
Which non-nativist theory proposed that children learn through the reinforcement of behavior?
Behaviorism
The difference between what a speaker knows and the actual utterance they make is the difference between competence and _______.
performance
Since birth, Anna has used Chinese with her father and English with her mother.
Henry was raised speaking Spanish, but he learned English starting at age 6 when his family moved to the UK.
Anna is a ______ bilingual, and Henry is a ______ bilingual.
Simultaneous; sequential
The study of individuals learning a language after acquiring their L1 as children is known as ___________.
SLA (second language acquisiton)
True or false: According to nativist theories, children learn language through imitation.
False.
__________ (non-nativist theory) claims that language is learned as a result of social interaction.
Social interactionism
The majority of the world's population is/is not monolingual.
What is the difference between a foreign language and a second language?
A second language is societally dominant and needed for basic purposes, while a foreign language is not widely used in the learner's context.
_________ claims that different cognitive functions are localized in different areas of the brain.
Localism
Name one piece of evidence for nativism.
1. Children make errors that imply that they have knowledge of grammar rules.
2. Children learn rapidly and predictable across languages and cultures.
3. Children make utterances they have never heard.
Name one non-nativist theory and a scientist from that camp.
Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Constructivism: Piaget, Vygotsky
Social Interactionism: Bruner
What is interference?
The unconscious carryover of features from a learner's native language into the target language.
_____'s aphasia affects comprehension, while ____'s aphasia affects production.
Wernicke; Broca
The overall system of a mind that uses more than one language, acknowledging that the L2 user's linguistic system is distinct from that of a monolingual native speaker, describes ___________.
Multicompetence
What is the name of the network in the brain that supposedly allows children to effortlessly learn and comprehend language?
LAD (language acquisition device)
Define constructivism.
Language develops from broader cognitive abilities.
Where is damage seen in Broca's aphasia? Which hemisphere? Which area - front, middle, or back?
Left, front