Phonetics
a widely-used set of phonetic symbols for transcribing consonant and vowel sounds of all languages in the world
what is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols
what is language?
the study of the conventionalised structure of a language
what is grammar?
the voiced alveolar fricative
what is [z]?
the scientific study of language
what is linguistics?
the bilabial glide/semivowel
what is [w]?
the ability for language users to communicate about communication, that is, to reflect on language itself
what is reflexiveness?
parts of sentences that may be made up of further such parts
what are constituents?
the articulatory feature concerned with the effects of an open vs. a narrow glottis (i.e. the space between the vocal folds (vocal cords))
what is voicing?
the capacity of human beings to use words and grammatical constructions to talk about events that go beyond the immediate situation
what is displacement?
the articulatory feature concerned with how the airstream is modified
what is the manner of articulation?
a central communicative role of language in which the speaker uses linguistic signs to express emotional states
what is the expressive function?
a hierarchical composition of wholes from parts (i.e. within a sentence)
what is the constituent structure?
the voiced velar nasal
what is [ŋ]?
a central communicative role of language in which the primary concern of the message is with the exchange of information
what is the informative function?
the unvoiced post-alveolar affricate
what is [tʃ]?
a vertical relationship between linguistic units (i.e. the choice between different elements in the same slot)
what is a paradigmatic relationship?
the roles that constituents play in the larger units they belong to, e.g. head, complement, modifier, subject, objects etc.
what are grammatical functions?
[θ] and [ð]
what are the (inter-)dental fricatives?
a horizontal connection between linguistic units (i.e. elements in a sequence)
what is a syntagmatic relationship?
[f] and [v]
what are the labio-dental fricatives?
a methodological approach to linguistics reliant on attested language data (e.g. from corpora) as the fundamental basis of evidence
what is an empirical approach?
the distinguishing of these is based on the criteria of meaning (semantic characteristics), form (morphological coding) and distribution (position in a phrase/clause/sentence or function)
what are lexical categories?
the glottal fricative
what is [h]?
a methodological approach to linguistics where research is based on the linguist’s intuition
what is an introspective approach?