Contrast
I don't like strawberry ice cream. My brother loves it. (whereas)
I don't like strawberry ice cream, whereas my brother loves it.
Whereas I don't like strawberry ice cream, my brother loves it.
The company's profits have increased significantly this year. It has also expanded its market share. (furthermore)
The company's profits have increased significantly this year. Furthermore, it has expanded its market share.
I was late for the party. I missed my train (as)
I was late for the party as I missed my train.
As I missed my train, I was late for the party.
You must leave now. You will miss your train. (otherwise)
You must leave now. Otherwise, you will miss your train.
You must finish your homework. _______________, you can't go out with your friends.
otherwise
The car is very old. It is still very reliable, though.
(although)
Although the car is very old, it is still very reliable.
The car is still very reliable, although it is very old.
I am going to the concert tonight. My sister is going. (too)
I am going to the concert tonight. My sister is going(,) too.
She saved money every month. She wanted to buy a new car. (so that)
She saved money every month so that she could buy a new car.
You had the chance to meet anyone from history. Who would you choose? (supposing)
Supposing you had the chance to meet anyone from history, who would you choose?
The journey was long and tiring. ____________, they were glad they had made it.
nevertheless
nonetheless
even so
yet
however
The team played a very good match. They still lost the game. (nevertheless)
The team played a very good match. Nevertheless, they still lost the game.
The hotel room was tiny. The air conditioning was broken.
The hotel room was tiny. What's more, the air conditioning was broken.
The outdoor concert was cancelled. There was a severe thunderstorm warning. (owing to)
The outdoor concert was cancelled owing to a severe thunderstorm warning.
Owing to a severe thunderstorm warning, the outdoor concert was cancelled.
We can go for a picnic this afternoon. The rain has to stop. (provided that)
Provided that the rain stops, we can go for a picnic this afternoon.
We can go for a picnic this afternoon provided that the rain stops.
The team decided to continue with the project, ____________ the significant financial risks involved.
in spite of
despite
I know he's a difficult person. I'm still very fond of him. (all the same)
I know he is a difficult person. All the same, I'm very fond of him.
The new phone has a great camera. It has a very long battery life. (as well as)
The new phone has a great camera as well as a very long battery life.
As well as having a great camera, the new phone has a very long battery life.
He whispered the secret. He didn't want anyone else to hear. (so as not to)
He whispered the secret so as not to be heard by anyone else.
So as not to be heard by anyone else, he whispered the secret.
You can borrow my laptop. You have to be careful with it. (so long as)
You can borrow my laptop so long as you are careful with it.
So long you are careful with it, you can borrow my laptop.
He took a language course ____________ he could communicate better on his trip to Spain.
so that
It was raining heavily. We still enjoyed our walk in the park. (despite)
Despite the heavy rain, we still enjoyed our walk in the park.
Despite it raining heavily, we still enjoyed our walk in the park.
Despite the fact that it was raining very heavily, we still enjoyed our walk in the park.
We enjoyed our walk in the park despite the heavy rain.
We enjoyed our walk in the park despite the fact that it was raining heavily.
She speaks fluent French. She can also speak some Spanish. (in addition to)
In addition to speaking fluent French, she can also speak some Spanish.
In addition to fluent French, she can also speak some Spanish.
We should probably start heading home. It's getting very late. (seeing as)
We should probably start heading home, seeing as it's getting very late.
Seeing as it's getting very late, we should probably start heading home.
The plant will die. You have to water it regularly. (unless)
Unless you water the plant regularly, it will die.
The plant will die unless you water it regularly.
We had to postpone the meeting _______ the manager being stuck in traffic.
because of
due to
owing to