LIPIDS 1
Where do lipoproteins store fats in the body?
liver, adipose cells, muscle
What hormone speeds up the process of lipolysis in adipocytes?
Epinephrine
Gluconeogenesis is most important after:
Exercise, meals, prolonged fasting, or between lunch and dinner?
prolonged fasting
What DOES NOT contribute to amino acid pool?
Degrading tissue proteins, Proteins from food, Making essential amino acids in the body, everything contributes?
Making essential amino acids in the body
What is the term we use to describe the 'inactive' form of pancreatic enzymes?
zymogen
Which of the following statements accurately describes the initial absorption of dietary lipids across the cell membranes of enterocytes?
a. Full triacylglycerol molecules are directly absorbed across the enterocyte membrane, where they are broken down by LPL
b. Dietary triacylglycerol's are broken down in the intestinal lumen into 2-momacylglycerols and fatty acids, which are absorbed across the enterocyte membrane
DOUBLE: What enzyme located in the bloodstream hydrolyzes triacylglycerol's within lipoproteins to release fatty acids for uptake by other tissues
b. Dietary triacylglycerol's are broken down in the intestinal lumen into 2-momacylglycerols and fatty acids, which are absorbed across the enterocyte membrane
DOUBLE: LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase)
The TG from your most recent meal are dissolved in the intestine by _______, packaged by the intestinal cells as _______, and released into circulation as _______.
Bile, TRIGs, and LipoPro
Which hormone decreased blood glucose and increases uptake of glcuose in tissues
insulin
What is the role of HCL?
DOUBLE: How do stomach cells protect themselves
Increase accessibility of peptide bonds for
digestive enzymes, has the ability to denature proteins
Mucus secretion by the stomach wall.
Which protein binds to nutrients and regulates their circulation and their flow into and out of cells?
Transport proteins
During fat digestion, what hormone is released by cells located in the duodenal wall to release bile?
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following describes the process of beta oxidation?
Build larger fatty acid molecules
Pathway that leads to the detachment of two in the form of acetyl CoA, or fatty acid degradation
Breakdown of a triacylglycerol
2. Pathway that leads to the detachment of two in the form of acetyl CoA, or fatty acid degradation
We normally have about 90 mg of glucose per deciliter of blood but need to have an immediate backup source of glucose. What is that source?
Glycogen
What type of training typically causes muscle hypertrophy?
a. endurance training
b. resistance training
b. resistance training
Which of the following amino acids is ketogenic?
Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Aspartate, Glutamine
Leucine
What are the two most active organs in the animal body that can synthesize triglycerols?
Liver and intestines
Which B vitamin plays a role in fatty acid oxidation but not fatty acid biosynthesis?
Riboflavin
If a person were exercising vigorously and unable to take in sufficient oxygen, his or her tissues would probably accumulate excess amounts of:
lactic acid
Which of the following is not a BCAA?
a. Leucine
b. Isoleucine
c. valine
d. alanine
d. alanine
What happens when the diet is lacking in the amino acids lysine and threonine?
Protein synthesis will be limited
Fatty acid B-oxidation occurs in?
Mitochondria
What are the products of beta-oxidation?
acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2
Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is not fueled by extracellular supply of glucose, but rather by locally stored glycogen that is degraded as a response to ischemia. This response depends on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by:
ATP, AMP, Low pH, Carbon Dioxide, or G-6-P
AMP
What is the process by which an amino group is removed?
Deamination
What is protein turnover?
The balance between the synthesis and degradation of proteins, depending on the relative rate of these processes.