Vocabulary
What is "strategy"?
Using what is known to think about what will follow while reading continuous text.
What is "predicting"?
The teacher pauses for the child to orally fill in the blank. Jingle bells, Santa _______.
What are "cloze sentences"?
These are essential in every classroom to support literacy, comprehension, and the development of vocabulary.
What are "word walls"?
The teacher reads aloud to a small group, whole group, or individual a text that is just slightly more difficult than what the reader could read on their own while simultaneously using think alouds, dialogic reading, and discussion groups to extend learning.
What is an "interactive read-aloud"?
When reading a difficult, complex, confusing text, the teacher may tell the student to read at a slower pace to fully concentrate and comprehend what the text is saying. This strategy is called _______ ___ _______ ____.
What is "slowing the reading rate"?
The relating of elements into a consistent, logical whole. Readers establish relationships among elements in the text and between elements in the text and their background knowledge.
What is "coherence"?
What is "maintaining fluency"?
A unit of meaning, like a prefix or a suffix, or a whole word.
What is a "morpheme"?
Involves collecting no more than 10-12 words/phrases from the text to be read that are critically important to the narrative and lace them in chronological order over a vertical line on the board or the overhead.
What is a "text impression"?
The teacher works with group of students at similar reading levels to further their comprehension by supporting students' reading of a section of text that is just beyond their current level. This is done in chunks; the students' reading can be aloud or to themselves. The teacher stops periodically to facilitate discussions about the text for the students. Everyone has a copy of the text being read.
What is "small group and differentiated reading"?
A teacher comes across a difficult passage and decides to __________ by putting the text into his/her/their own words.
What is "paraphrase"?
Consists of the statements or ideas conveyed by the surface structure. Incorporates the literal meaning of the text but not the form. Also does not contain the reader's background knowledge.
What is "textbase"?
Going beyond the literal meaning of a text to think about what is not stated but is implied by the writer.
What is "inferring"?
An automatic application of an earlier strategy; requires no conscious effort to execute.
What is a "skill"?
Writing words that are specific to a text or unit of study and allowing children to sort the words into categories of their own choosing.
This is a process where the teacher engages the students in reading together from previously read big books, class- or teacher- created texts, previously read texts, or the product of a shared writing exercise.
What is "shared and performance reading"?
A student is reading a science text about electrons that they are having trouble comprehending. The teacher prints out a diagram about electrons to resolve this confusion. The strategy the teacher is using is called _____ ____ ____.
What is "using text aids"?
Being aware of or checking one's conitive processes.
What is "monitoring"?
What is "visualizing"?
Two vowels working together to make one sound.
What is a "vowel team"?
This is a useful tool for pre-reading and during reading; the teacher makes a series of statements based on a topic and asks the students to make a prediction about the veracity of the statement before reading and after reading. This is presented in a worksheet format.
What is an "anticipation/reaction guide"?
The teacher helps students notice and use letters and words at the appropriate level.
What is "phonics, spelling, and word study"?
Sometimes, when a reader doesn't comprehend a sentence on the first read-through, the teacher will instruct him/her/them to read the sentence again. This strategy is called _________.
What is "rereading"?
A careful, analytical reading and re-reading of a text in order to determine what the text says and how it says it.
What is "close reading"?
Putting together information from the text and from the reader's own background knowledge in order to create new understandings.
What is "synthesizing"?
Using letter-sound relationships to bring meaning to text; usually referred to in writing.
What is "encoding"?
Presenting students with all of the letters of the alphabet and asking students to fill it in with what they know about a story.
Modeled, interactive, and shared writing can all be described as _______ _____ _______.
A student tells a teacher that the book they are reading keeps referencing a character that they don't remember reading about before. The teacher advises them to go back through the text to see if the student can find the character's name in an earlier chapter. This strategy is called _______ ____.
What is "looking back"?
Being conscious of one's own mental processes.
What is "metacognition"?
Examining elements of text based on the reader's personal, world, or text knowledge and thinking critically about the ideas in it.
What is "critiquing"?
The ability to take a word divided into individual sounds and put them together.
What is "blending"?
Students read the beginning sentences from assigned readings and make predictions about the content of what they're about to read.
What is "first lines"?
A social experience in which students participate in conversations, instruction, and exchange ideas about their writing process.
What is "writer's workshop"?
An "abridged" version of a long text such as The Hunchback of Notre Dame is an example of _______ __ ______ _______.
What is "reading an easier version"?
Statements of information.
Reading in different ways as appropriate to the purpose for reading, and type of text.
What is "adjusting"?
What is "phoneme isolation"?
This strategy involves students placing cut-up fragments of a paragraph in a logical order while listening to a text.
What is "scrambled text"?
Students reading alone, with a friend, or in a small group from a text that they have selected.
What is "independent reading"?
A teacher directing a student to look up an unknown word in the dictionary is a strategy called _____ __________.
What is "using references"?
What is "regulating"?
Asking who, what, where, when, why, how, if, did, etc., questions about informational and fictional texts; includes asking questions about the author's choices.
What is "asking questions"?
The social use of language, categorized by speech changing based on who the speaker is communicating with.
What are "pragmatics"?
Involves the teacher introducing new words to the students and asking them to select which ones will appear in the text they are about to read.
What is "word wonder"?
In this type of writing, the teacher doesn't make corrections to the student's work; he/she/they only respond to the content that the student has produced.
When becoming distracted by the ambient noise while reading, it sometimes helps for a reader to ____ _____ in a whisper (or louder) to maximize comprehension.
The process of taking steps to correct faulty comprehension.
What is "repairing"?
Putting together and remembering important information and disregarding irrelevant information while reading.
What is "summarizing"?
The opposite of "robot reading". Describes reading sounds naturally, like oral language.
What is "prosody"?
If every pre-reading lesson is carried out the same way, students will become _________ on that strategy.
What is "dependent"?
An example of an older student doing this would be examining the root words/suffixes/prefixes of a vocabulary word from the text.
A teacher telling a student to skip over reading a specific paragraph in a text because the information is unnecessary is using the ________ ____ strategy.
A form of cooperative learning in which students learn to use four key reading strategies in order to achieve improved comprehension: predicting, question generating, clarifying, and summarizing.
What is "reciprocal teaching"?
Examining elements of a text to know more about how it is constructed and noticing aspects of the writer's craft.
What is "analyzing"?
The accuracy and rate of reading.
What is "automaticity"?
Pre-reading strategies help students _________ _______ before they begin reading a text.
What is "construct meaning"?
Teacher and students work together to compose stories, retellings, lists, etc.
What is "shared writing"?
An attempt to understand a concept by taking a brief mental break from reading to reflect.
What is "pausing"?