Theorists
Lev Vygotsky
44 speech sounds, or phonemes matched with letters/symbols make up this cueing system
Phonological System
Sharing of the reading or writing that teachers use with Big Book echo and choral reading or chart paper or whiteboard to write with their students
Shared or Interactive Reading and Writing
Phonological Awareness
stage of writing in which writers put out beginning ideas on paper
Drafting
Called for sweeping educational change so that students could examine fundamental questions about justice and equity and become agents of change.
This cueing system deals with the social aspects of language use, noting that people use language for a wide variety of purposes and for a large number of audiences.
Pragmatic System
Students buddy read or partner with other classmates to read familiar texts in which they can easily sound out 95% of words in the books.
Independent Reading
Process of constructing meaning using both the author's text and the reader's background knowledge
Reading Comprehension
stage of writing in which writers make the final copy to share with an audience
Louise Rosenblatt
These structures are designed for creation of meaning through socially shared conventions.
Cueing Systems
Teacher Modeling of reading and writing sharing what they are currently thinking as they read or write, the decision they make and strategies they will use.
Think-alouds
Awareness of the smallest unit of sound in words
Phonemic Awareness
stage of writing in which writer's gather and organize ideas for writing, e.g. brainstorming
Pre-Writing
Developed theory that knowledge is organized into cognitive structures called schemas, which describe how students learn.
Jean Piaget
Focus on meaning is the basis of this cueing system largely focused on vocabulary as the key component.
Semantic System
Students rotate from one learning area to another to enhance and practice reading and writing in their Zones of Proximal Development
Literacy Stations
Systematic and explicit research based teaching of new words
Vocabulary
stage of writing in which writers proofread to identify and correct spelling, grammar, capitalization, and punctuation errors.
Editing
Advocated for inquiry approach to learning so as to develop citizens who could participate fully in our democracy.
John Dewey
Syntactic System
Teachers use minilessons, running records and rubrics in this process to differentiate instruction for all learners.
Guided Reading and Writing
Reading smoothly, quickly and with expression
Fluency
stage of writing in which writer's add, remove or modify ideas to clarify their writing.
Revising