Phonemes
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of sound in a word.
What is a grapheme?
The written representation of a phoneme (e.g., "ch" for /ʧ/)
What is a closed syllable?
A syllable that ends in a consonant and has a short vowel sound (e.g., "cat").
What is a consonant?
A speech sound that is not a vowel; letters like B, C, D, etc.
What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of meaning in a word.
Give an example of a voiced phoneme.
/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/ (any voiced consonant)
Give an example of a digraph.
"sh," "th," "ch," "ph," "wh" (two letters representing one sound).
Give an example of an open syllable.
"Me," "go," "hi" (ends in a vowel with a long sound).
What is a vowel?
A speech sound made without obstruction; A, E, I, O, U (and sometimes Y).
What is a root word?
The base word that carries meaning, such as "act" in "react."
How many phonemes are in the word 'ship'?
Three (/ʃ/ /ɪ/ /p/)
How many graphemes are in the word 'thought'?
Three ("th," "ough," "t").
How many syllables are in the word 'banana'?
Three (ba-na-na).
Define phonological awareness.
The ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language.
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attach to a root (e.g., "-ing," "-s")
What is the difference between a phoneme and a grapheme?
A phoneme is a sound, while a grapheme is the written representation of that sound.
What is the difference between a grapheme and a phoneme?
A phoneme is a sound, while a grapheme is the letter or letters that represent that sound.
What is a vowel team syllable?
A syllable with two vowels working together to make one sound (e.g., "boat").
Define phonemic awareness.
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes in words.
How many morphemes are in the word 'unhappily'?
Three ("un-" + "happy" + "-ly").
Name a word with a diphthong.
"Boy," "loud," or "time" (any word with a gliding vowel sound).
What is a grapheme-phoneme correspondence?
The relationship between sounds (phonemes) and their written symbols (graphemes).
What is an r-controlled syllable?
A syllable where the vowel is controlled by an "r" (e.g., "car," "bird").
What is the alphabetic principle?
The understanding that letters represent sounds and that these sounds form words.
Define the term 'inflectional morpheme'.
A morpheme that changes the grammatical function of a word, such as "-s" (plural) or "-ed" (past tense).