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100

Noun 

A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples include:

  • Person: Sarah, teacher, doctor, friend.
  • Place: New Zealand, school, beach, park.
  • Thing: car, laptop, apple, table.
  • Idea: Happiness, courage, freedom, time
100

Verb 

The main word in a sentence that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.

Examples include:

  • Physical: run, jump, write, shout
  • Mental: think, believe, consider, wonder
100

Pronoun 

A word that replaces a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence.

Examples include:

  • Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people, places, or things.
    • "Sarah called me so I could help her." (Replacing names with me, I, and her.)
  • Possessive Pronouns: Show ownership or belonging. Example: "That book is mine, not theirs." 
100

Adjective 

A word used to describe or modify a noun or pronoun. 

Examples include:

  • Before a noun: "She bought a new car." (New describes the car.)
  • After a linking verb: "The sky is blue." (Blue describes the sky.)
  • Multiple adjectives: "A large, round, red balloon." 
100

Adverb 

A word that describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 

Examples include:

  • "She sang beautifully." 
  • "He ran quickly."
200

Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.

Examples include:

  • Location: in, on, at, under, between
  • Direction: to, toward, through, into
  • Time: before, after, during, sinc
200

Conjunction 

A connecting word used to link words, phrases, or clauses together. 

Examples include:

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (an easy way to remember this is the acronym FANBOYS).

200

Interjection 

A part of speech used to express sudden emotions, feelings, or reactions.

Examples include:

  • Joy / Excitement: Yay! Hurray! Whohoo!
  • Surprise / Shock: Wow! Oh! Ah!
  • Pain / Sadness: Ouch! Ow! Alas!
  • Disgust / Hesitation: Eew! Yuck! Hmm! 
200

Proper nouns

The specific, official name for a particular person, place, or thing.

Examples include:

  • Specific People: Albert Einstein, Sarah, Beyoncé
  • Specific Places: Paris, Mount Everest, New York City
  • Organizations & Brands: Google, Nike, United Nations
  • Days & Months: Tuesday, February
  • Titles & Works: The Lord of the Rings, Titanic, Doctor Smith 
200

Common nouns

A general, non-specific name for a person, place, thing, or idea. 

Examples include:

  • People: teacher, doctor, student, friend
  • Places: city, school, park, restaurant
  • Things: computer, car, book, desk
  • Ideas/Concepts: love, fear, justice, happiness 
300

Subject of a sentence 

The person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is the focus of the sentence. 

Examples include:

  • The small, fluffy dog barked at the mailman.
  • She read an entire chapter before bed.
300

Predicate of a sentence

The part of a sentence or clause that contains the verb and tells you what the subject is doing or what is happening to the subject.

Examples include:

- The soup smells delicious

- We are going to the beach tomorrow

300

Exclamation / Exclamatory sentence 

It expresses strong emotions—such as excitement, surprise, anger, or joy.

Examples include:

  • Starting with "What": "What a beautiful sunset that is!"
  • Starting with "How": "How incredibly fast he ran!"
  • Expressing surprise: "I can't believe we actually won the game!"
  • Expressing alarm: "Watch out for that car!" 
300

Simple Sentence

A sentence that contains exactly one independent clause.

Examples include:

  • The cat slept peacefully.
  • The dog barks.
400

Independent Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought.

  • "The dog barked at the mailman." (Complete thought, subject - "dog", verb - "barked").
  • "Sarah loves to read." (Complete thought, subject - "Sarah", verb - "loves").
  • "Go." (Complete thought. It is an imperative command where the subject "you" is implied)
400

Dependent Clause 

A group of words that contains both a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. 

Examples include:

Because it was raining.
(This has a subject and a verb, but it is incomplete and cannot stand alone.)


400

Compound Sentence

Contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

Examples include: 

  • The dog barked, and the cat ran away.
  • I studied hard, so I passed the test.
400

Command / Imperative Sentence 

Gives a direct order, instruction, or request.

Examples include:

  • "Don't touch that hot stove."
  • "Sit down and be quiet."
500

Complex Sentence

Contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Examples include:

  • Because it was raining, we stayed inside.
  • I went home after the game ended.
500

Compound-Complex Sentence

Contains at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause.

Examples include:

  • Although it was raining, we went outside, and we played football.
500

Statement / declarative statement 

A sentence that conveys information, declares a fact, or expresses an opinion. 

  • The test is tomorrow.
500
Question / Interrogative Sentence 

To request information, clarify a point, or elicit a response. It always ends with a question mark instead of a period.

Examples include:

  • What: "...are you making for dinner?"
  • Where: "...did I leave my keys?"
  • Why: "...is the sky blue?"
  • Who: "...is coming to the party?"
  • When: "...does the store open?"
  • How: "...do you get to the airport?"
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