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to draw attention to something
highlight
Example: The dialogue highlights the conflict between the two friends.
to show something that was hidden or unknown
reveal
Example: The ending reveals the true identity of the villain.
to build or show more over time
develop
Example: The author develops the character by showing her thoughts and actions.
to show that something is important
emphasize
The author emphasizes the danger by repeating the word “dark.”
the feeling the reader gets
mood
Example: The dark forest creates a spooky mood.
to hint at something without saying it directly
suggest
Example: The author suggests the character is nervous by describing her shaking hands.
to explain or show clearly with examples or details
Example: The story illustrates how hard work leads to success.
illustrate
Example: The story illustrates how hard work leads to success.
to give a clue without stating it clearly
Example: The author implies that the character is lying.
imply
Example: The author implies that the character is lying.
to communicate or express an idea or feeling
convey
Example: The author conveys sadness through dark imagery.
the main point of a text
central idea
Example: The central idea is that teamwork leads to success.
giving human traits to non-human things
personification
Example: The wind whispered through the trees.
making something seem bigger or more than it really is
exaggeration
Example: I’ve told you a million times!
to show or represent something
reflect
Example: The character’s actions reflect her values.
the author’s attitude toward the subject
tone
Example: The tone is serious and respectful.
a life message that applies to many people or cultures
universal theme
Example: A universal theme is that love is powerful.
when something happens that is the opposite of what you expect
Example: A fire station burns down.
to help something happen or grow
contribute
Example: The setting contributes to the scary feeling of the story.
a question asked for effect, not to be answered
to make a point without needing an answer
rhetorical question
Example: Who wouldn’t want to win?
words or phrases that are not meant literally (like similes or metaphors)
figurative language
Example: Her smile was as bright as the sun.
ways to convince the audience
appeal (logic, emotion, authority)
the reason something is done
purpose
Example: The author’s purpose is to inform readers.
a strong effect or influence
impact
Example: The speech had a big impact on the audience.
why something is important
significance
Example: The significance of the setting is that it shows danger.
the 3 appeals
Logic: uses facts and reasoning
Emotion: makes you feel something
Credibility/Authority: uses experts or trusted sources
Example: The author uses emotion by telling a sad story.
to give evidence or reasons to prove something
support
Example: The quote supports the idea that the character is brave.