Examples
the use of sarcasm or when a speaker’s intention is the opposite of what they are saying
e.g "Wow, you could win an award for cleanliness!" after looking at a messy room.
What is verbal irony?
Provide the definition for simile
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words “like” or “as.”
Maria was a kind and generous person who always helped her friends when they were in need.
telling us about the character
direct characterization
Internal conflict
A struggle within a character’s mind — often about emotions, decisions, or beliefs.
External conflict
A struggle between a character and an outside force, like another person, society, nature, or fate.
He is like a giraffe; long-necked with small ears.
What is a simile?
Provide the definition for metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using “like” or “as.”
Instead, it says that one thing is or was another to create a strong image or idea.
The sun was just beginning to rise over the quiet seaside town. Seagulls called in the distance, and the salty air drifted through the narrow cobblestone streets.
time and place a story takes place
What is setting?
Provide the definition for diction
Diction means the author’s word choice — the specific words they choose to create a certain tone, mood, or style.
Different types of diction can make writing sound formal or informal, serious or playful, simple or complex.
A photograph of a seagull sitting on top of a no seagulls sign
What is irony (situational)?
Provide the definition for direct characterization
Direct characterization is when the author tells the reader exactly what a character is like, instead of showing it through actions or dialogue.
Maria spent her entire Saturday helping her neighbor move furniture, even though she had plans with her friends.
showing what kind of person she is
What is indirect characterization
Provide the definition for irony
Irony is when there’s a contrast between what is expected and what actually happens, or between what is said and what is meant.
Kacey tells Steve she loves his cooking, but the audience sees her feed it to the dog under the table.
What is dramatic irony?
Provide the definition for indirect characterization
Indirect characterization is when the author shows what a character is like through their actions, thoughts, words, appearance, or how others react to them — instead of telling the reader directly.
The story reveals that people often hide their true feelings to protect themselves from being hurt.
What is theme
Provide the definition for personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which an author gives human qualities or actions to nonhuman things—like animals, objects, or ideas.
He was a lion on the battlefield.
What is metaphor?
Provide the definition for theme
A theme is the central message, idea, or insight about life or human nature that the author wants the reader to think about.
The flowers danced in the breeze.
What is personification?
Provide the definitions for first and third person POV
First person point of view
The narrator is a character in the story and uses “I,” “me,” “my,” and “we.”
Readers see events and thoughts only through that character’s eyes.
Third person point of view
The narrator is outside the story and uses “he,” “she,” “they,” or “it.”