any use of language where the intended meaning differs from the actual literal meaning of the words themselves
figurative language
the feeling or emotion the reader experiences
mood
language which describes something in detail, using words to substitute for and create sensory stimulation
imagery
a description which exaggerates
hyperbole
where the audience or reader is aware of something important, of which the characters in the story are not aware
dramatic irony
applying human attributes to non-living objects
personification
a struggle between two opposing characters or forces in a story; can be external or internal
conflict
from whose angle or perspective is the story being told
point of view
the time and place in which the events in a story occur
setting
an appeal to logic and reason; used to persuade an audience by logical though, fact and rationality
logos
the big idea or life lesson that the writer wishes to express in the story
theme
exposition
the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character; direct or indirect
characterization
a question asked only for effect to make a statement, but not to get an answer
rhetorical question
used in persuasive speech/writing an appeal to emotions of audience
ethos
the reader gets a hint or clue to what might happen next in the story
foreshadowing
this is not the writer, it is the person whose voice or identity dictates the story
narrator
the most important idea or impression about a topic that a writer or speaker conveys
central idea
a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlikely things without the use of like or as
metaphor
a situation or event that is the opposite of what is or might be expected
situational irony
shows the writer's attitude toward characters, setting, conflicts, etc
tone
the central character of a story
main character; protagonist
anything that stands for or represent something other than itself
symbolism
a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance; does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers
allusion
an appeal to authority and credibility