Seismic Waves
Waves of energy that occur during an earthquake
seismic waves
an instrument for measuring the size of earthquakes
a seismograph
sudden motions along breaks in the crust called faults
earthquakes
a type of mountain made from the build up of lava
volcano
the outermost layer of the Earth, where soil is formed and used
pedosphere
seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth
body waves
the place where the earthquake starts deep below the ground
the focus
which travels faster, P-waves or S- waves
P-waves
the difference between magma and lava
magma is molten lava inside of the volcano, while lava is what the magma is called after it reaches the Earth's surface
the top portion of the Earth's crust where plants and crops grow
soil
2 types of body waves
P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves)
the place on the surface where the earthquake is first felt
the epicenter
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Four types of volcanoes
cinder cone, shield, composite cone, and lava plateau
two forces that cause erosion
wind and water
seismic waves that create a rolling motion on the surface of the Earth
surface waves
the location of the epicenter
directly above the focus
Of the three states of matter- solids, liquids, gases - which can S-waves travel through?
solids only; P-waves can travel through all three
any of three things that determine the shape of a volcano
1.) the thickness and stickiness of the magma
2.) whether the magma comes out from a vent or
fissure
3.) whether eruptions are quiet or explosive (or
alternate between the two)
3 ways to show good stewardship for the pedosphere
plant wisely, fertilize wisely (less chemicals), recycle, plant, retain plants and trees
difference in the motion of S-waves and P-waves
S- waves are swing waves and P- waves are Push -pull waves
3 additional hazards often triggered by earthquakes
landslide, liquefaction, tsunami
During an earthquake, which are more likely to cause damage to roadways and man-made structures-- body waves or surface waves?
Typically surface waves, because they cause a rolling motion in the ground right under roads and buildings
three major geologic events that are caused by plate motions
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain-building
3 things humans have done to contribute to erosion
over-tilling of the land, urban sprawl (clearing too much ground in order to build cities), over-fertilization