Earthquake Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Earthquake Prevention & Responses
Volcano Prevention & Responses
Specific Examples
100
Name two types of plate boundaries.
What are divergent (constructive), convergent (destructive) and/or conservative (transform) boundaries.
100
Name the primary hazards of a volcano.
What are lava flows, pyroclastic flows and surges, ash and tephra fall, volcanic gasses.
100
What is one way nations use to modify the loss of earthquakes?
What is international aid and insurance.
100
The most important method of volcano hazard management.
What is evacuation.
100
The reason for the relatively low death count for the size of the eruption that took place at Mt. Pinatubo in 1991?
Accurate prediction methods were used and a highly organized evacuation plan was put in place.
200
Name one hazard resulting from earthquakes.
What is ground movement, soil liquifaction or landslides.
200
What are the three types of magma?
What is Basaltic, Andesitic and Rhyolitic magma.
200
Define: aseismic.
Building aseismic structures, improvement in prediction and warning, community preparedness and land use planning.
200
Although it is hard to build volcanic-resistant designed houses, this is done to reduce the damage.
What are strong roofs with steep-sloping sides.
200
This type of environmental control method was used in the 1973 eruption of Eldafell on Haeimaey, Iceland.
What are water sprays.
300
What is a Benioff Zone?
What is the sloping zone of earthquake foci as plates are subducted.
300
What are the three factors that affect viscosity?
What are high temperatures, dissolved gasses, and the amount of silica.
300
Community preparedness centers on which two levels of preparedness?
What is the general public and the emergency services and government at all levels.
300
Countries that lack the financial and technological resources for volcano monitoring use these early-warning signs of a volcanic eruption. (Name at least 2)
What are sulphur odors, steam releases, and crater glow.
300
In Iceland, this is the main benefit gained from volcanoes.
What is geothermal energy.
400
What are P and S waves and what are each of their properties?
What are Primary and Secondary waves. Primary waves are the fastest and travel through rock such as granite. They can travel through both solids and liquids. S waves are slower, they can only travel through solid material.
400
Identify the four types of eruptions.
What are Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Plinian and ultra-Plinian.
400
Identify ways earthquakes can be prevented.
Building aseismic structures, improvement in prediction and warning, community preparedness and land use planning.
400
The only primary volcanic hazard which people have attempted to control with any success and the two methods that were used to control the hazard.
What are lava flows (hazard), water sprays & explosions (methods).
400
What effect did the world experience from Pinatubo's explosion?
What is the Pinatubo effect, where global temperatures dropped due to the ash & tephra caused by the eruption.
500
What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries and what is formed as a result of each?
What is Continental Plate and Oceanic Plate, where a mountain range OR deep ocean trench is formed. Oceanic Crust and Oceanic Crust, where a volcanic island arc is produced. Continental Crust and Continental Crust, where mountains are produced.
500
Identify and explain the secondary volcanic hazards.
What are lahars, which are mudflows of volcanic material, water and ash produced by an eruption. Volcanic landslides which are slides of masses of rock and loose volcanic material. Tsunami's are the displacement of water which causes giant sea waves.
500
What are the three main types of aseismic building?
What is concrete counterweight (activated by computer-controlled dampers), a building that rocks back and forth (rubber shock absorbers), and a twisting tower (cross-bracings).
500
Possible environmental control by humans in response to volcanic hazards and what they protect humans from (name at least 3)
What are water sprays (lava flows), explosions (lava flows), barriers (lahars), artificial mounds (lava flows), and tunnels in crater walls to drain the crater lake (reduces the risk of lahars forming).
500
What is a 'smart meter' and where is it practiced (name one country)?
What is a meter which cuts off the gas supplied to a house if an earthquake over magnitude 5 occurs (in Tokyo, Japan).
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