General Knowledge
What is the primary function of the liver?
To filter blood and metabolize substances
What happens to healthy liver cells in cirrhosis?
they are replaced by scar (fibrotic) tissue
What is yellowing of the skin and eyes that occurs in liver disease?
Jaundice
What is a priority assessment for ascites?
measuring abdominal girth or assessing for dyspnea
What substance should be completely avoided by liver disease patients?
alcohol
What is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the U.S.?
acetaminophen overdose
What liver condition is caused by inflammation due to viruses, toxins, or alcohol?
hepatitis
What abdominal finding indicates fluid accumulation from cirrhosis?
ascites
What nursing diagnosis is appropriate for elevated ammonia levels?
Acute Confusion
What dietary modification is often needed for patients with frequent occurrences of ascites?
Low sodium diet
Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis A and E
What condition results when blood flow through the liver is impaired?
portal hypertension
What skin manifestation looks like spider veins in cirrhosis?
spider angiomata
What medication is used to reduce serum ammonia levels?
lactulose
What is required lifelong after a liver transplant?
immunosuppressant therapy
What term describes scarring and replacement of liver tissue?
cirrhosis
What causes hepatic encephalopathy?
buildup of ammonia due to impaired liver function
Name a sign of hepatic encephalopathy.
confusion, slurred speech, or asterixis
What complication requires immediate intervention: jaundice or bleeding varices?
bleeding varices
What vaccine should patients with chronic liver disease receive?
Hepatitis A and B vaccines
Name two diagnostic tests used to assess liver disease.
liver enzymes (ALT/AST), CT, MRI, or liver biopsy
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome associated with in liver disease?
thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency from chronic alcohol use
What symptom is a sign of bleeding esophageal varices?
hematemasis (vomiting blood)
What is the goal of paracentesis in cirrhosis care?
to remove excess fluid and relieve pressure
Why should acetaminophen be used cautiously?
It can cause liver toxicity in high doses