DNA Structure
The type of bond holding the sugar phosphate backbone together
What is covalent?
This enzyme begins the process by unzipping DNA and creating a replication fork
What is helicase?
The central dogma of biology
What is DNA --> RNA --> protein?
What are haploid gametes?
Adenine and guanine are these types of nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure
What are purines?
The four different nitrogenous bases in DNA
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
This strand that is replicated away from the replication fork is created in Okazaki fragments
What is the lagging strand?
Anticodons on this type of macromolecule help bring the right amino acids to the ribosome
What is transfer RNA?
DAILY DOUBLE
This diagram shows the number and visual appearance of all the chromosomes in a cell
Cytosine and thymine are these single-ring nitrogen bases that bond to double-ring ones to keep DNA's antiparallel structure
What are pyrimidines?
This word describes how one strand of DNA runs 3'-->5' and the other strand runs 5'-->3'
What is antiparallel?
DNA polymerase copies DNA in this direction only
What is 5'-->3'?
AUG starts a reading frame for translation with this amino acid being created
What is methionine?
Alleles can be recombined following this process that happens between homologous chromosomes in prophase I
What is crossing over?
UAA is one of three of these codons
What is a stop codon?
Three hydrogen bonds are formed between these two nitrogenous bases
What are cytosine and guanine?
This enzyme adds RNA "keys" to get DNA polymerase going; only one is needed on the leading strand
What is primase?
These sections of mRNA are cut out before the rest of it exits the nucleus
What are introns?
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a cell are known as these
What are autosomes?
Regulation of gene expression includes turning genes "on" and "off", a process that is highly critical for this process that produces the wide variety of specialized cells we have
What is differentiation?
These "rules" show that the proportions of adenine=those of thymine in DNA, hinting towards base pairing
What are Chargaff's rules?
DNA replication is described using this hyphenated term, which describes how part of the original DNA copy is kept on each strand
What is semi-conservative?
The study of changes in gene expression that are heritable; these changes don't affect the actual DNA sequence
What is epigenetics?
Nondisjunction can occur due to a mistake made during the separation of homologous chromosomes during this phase of meiosis
What is anaphase I?
The two main phases of protein synthesis that form an alliterative name when put together
What are transcription and translation?