Plants, Microorganisms, Etc
When an altered ecosystem is left undisturbed,
the most likely result would be
(1) the gradual evolution of all of the original
species
(2) a rapid return to the original ecosystem
(3) the elimination of all of the predator species
(4) a gradual shift toward a stable ecosystem
(4) a gradual shift toward a stable ecosystem
On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads
and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both the
sweating and panting are
(1) due to a loss of oxygen
(2) a failure of cell communication
(3) due to a lack of adaptation to the environment
(4) a response to a stimulus
(4) a response to a stimulus
During a woman’s menstrual cycle, ovulation
occurs and an egg is released. This process is
important because it allows for
(1) eggs to be produced by mitosis and be
fertilized by a sperm
(2) sperm to fertilize the egg in the uterus
(3) multiple sperm to fertilize one egg, which
then forms the placenta
(4) the egg to leave the ovary and be fertilized by
a sperm
(4) the egg to leave the ovary and be fertilized by
a sperm
The formation of the many kinds of body cells
that make up an embryo begins with
(1) chemical changes in the cell membranes
(2) the clumping together of proteins within the
cells
(3) specific genes being activated
(4) the rapid metabolism of sugar molecules
(3) specific genes being activated
When the carrying capacity for a species in a
habitat is reached, the population of the species
levels off. This slowing of the rate of growth is
most likely due to
(1) limited resources
(2) renewable energy
(3) an increase in decomposers
(4) a lack of competition
(1) limited resources
A new species of floating photosynthetic algae
was accidently introduced into a pond ecosystem.
It gradually replaced all the original algal species.
A possible reason for the replacement could be
that the new species
(1) outcompeted the original algae populations
for prey present in the ecosystem
(2) required more resources than the original
algae populations in the pond
(3) outcompeted the original algae populations
for abiotic factors
(4) is less adapted to the pond ecosystem than
the original algae populations
(3) outcompeted the original algae populations
for abiotic factors
Some salmon have been genetically modified
to grow bigger at a faster rate than wild salmon.
They are kept in fish-farming facilities and are
not released into the wild. Which statement
regarding genetically modified salmon is most
likely true?
(1) Wild salmon reproduce sexually, while
genetically modified salmon reproduce
asexually.
(2) Wild salmon have an altered protein
sequence, but genetically modified salmon
do not.
(3) Genetically modified salmon and wild salmon
would have different DNA sequences.
(4) Genetically modified salmon and wild salmon
would have identical DNA sequences.
(3) Genetically modified salmon and wild salmon
would have different DNA sequences.
Many adults lack the ability to digest the milk
sugar, lactose. Often, this is due to the insufficient
production of the enzyme lactase, which breaks
down lactose. This is not due to an allergy to milk.
Milk allergies are different because they
(1) are often not harmful to the person
(2) result in a build-up of the substance in the
body
(3) are the result of the digestive system
attacking the substance
(4) result from an overreaction of the immune
system to a harmless substance
(4) result from an overreaction of the immune
system to a harmless substance
The primary function of estrogen and
progesterone is to
(1) regulate growth
(2) control heart rate
(3) monitor blood sugar levels
(4) regulate reproductive cycles
(4) regulate reproductive cycles
A farmer stopped maintaining a field that was
once used to grow crops. Over time, the field
eventually became a forest. These changes best
illustrate the process of
(1) ecological succession
(2) nutrient recycling
(3) decomposition
(4) competition
(1) ecological succession
Which list contains only abiotic conditions that
might be found in a pond ecosystem?
(1) temperature of the water, green plant
populations, dissolved minerals in the water
(2) temperature of the water, dissolved oxygen in
the water, dissolved minerals in the water
(3) bacteria, dissolved minerals in the water,
temperature of the water
(4) dissolved oxygen in the water, fish populations,
insect population
(2) temperature of the water, dissolved oxygen in
the water, dissolved minerals in the water
Experiments in mice show that a guardian gene
that protects against type 1 diabetes can be altered
by exposure to antibiotics during development.
The exposure alters the gut bacteria, leading to a
loss of the guardian gene’s protection. The loss of
this protection most directly interferes with
(1) homeostasis (3) reproduction
(2) excretion (4) respiration
(1) homeostasis
After a kidney transplant, special medications are
taken. Otherwise, the patient’s immune system
might react to the transplanted kidney by
(1) producing specialized proteins that would
attack the kidney
(2) signaling the body to synthesize new DNA
molecules
(3) stimulating the circulatory system to attack red
blood cells
(4) stimulating the kidney to produce
reproductive hormones
(1) producing specialized proteins that would
attack the kidney
The human body fights an infection when a
pathogen is detected. As a result, the pathogen
stimulates the production of
(1) bacteria (3) vaccines
(2) antibodies (4) antibiotics
(2) antibodies
Which characteristic is common to most types of
cancer?
(1) production of low levels of ATP
(2) inadequate levels of antigens
(3) rapid and uncontrolled cell division
(4) destruction of red blood cells
(3) rapid and uncontrolled cell division
In which cell structure is energy extracted from
nutrients?
(1) chloroplast (3) mitochondrion
(2) ribosome (4) vacuole
(3) mitochondrion
Which statement best illustrates direct competition
within a species?
(1) A chipmunk is caught and eaten by a hungry
fox.
(2) A deer attempts to escape a mountain lion that
is chasing it.
(3) Two muskrats mate and produce a litter of off-
spring.
(4) Several squirrels eat acorns from the oak tree
where they live.
(4) Several squirrels eat acorns from the oak tree
where they live.
Dead zones are areas found in the oceans and
some large lakes where there is not enough
oxygen to support life. Algae blooms occur when
excess nutrients are introduced as pollutants
from fertilizers, sewage-treatment plants, and the
burning of fossil fuels. When the algae die and
undergo decay, bacteria rapidly use up the oxygen
in the area. Which human activity would most
likely result in a decrease in the size and number
of dead zones?
(1) irrigating fields and lawns to increase runoff
into the ocean and rivers
(2) building more coal-fired electrical generating
plants
(3) reducing the use of chemicals on farm fields
and golf courses
(4) constructing more sewage-treatment plants on
the shores of lakes and rivers
(3) reducing the use of chemicals on farm fields
and golf courses
After digesting the nutrients from a meal high in
carbohydrates, the body
(1) releases insulin to return the blood sugar
levels to normal
(2) secretes enzymes to absorb starch into the
intestines
(3) produces water to maintain dynamic
equilibrium in the blood
(4) maintains homeostasis by increasing wastes
produced in muscle cells
(1) releases insulin to return the blood sugar
levels to normal
Information that scientists are able to obtain from
the fossil record includes
(1) confirmation that Earth is 4.5 million years old
(2) data supporting the hypothesis that animal
species do not change over time
(3) the exact means by which life on Earth began
(4) evidence about past environments and the
history of life
(4) evidence about past environments and the
history of life
Dodder plants consist of tangled masses of yellow,
leafless vines and contain few chloroplasts. The
vines twist around and grow into the stems of
other plants and absorb water and nutrients
from them. Which statement best describes this
relationship?
(1) Dodder plants are parasitic, relying on host
organisms for resources.
(2) Dodder plants are decomposers, returning
organic material back to the environment.
(3) Dodder plants are producers, while the other
plants that they attach to are consumers.
(4) Dodder plants are consumers, transferring
energy to other plants in the ecosystem.
(1) Dodder plants are parasitic, relying on host
organisms for resources.
In 2003, biologists encouraged nations to decrease the number of fish caught in order to help global fish
populations recover. This seems to be helping some fish populations to increase. This increase in the size of
some fi sh populations is a result of human
(1) actions that killed many of the predators of these fish populations
(2) decisions that weighed the need for food with the need to maintain fish populations
(3) activities that are increasing the use of nonrenewable resources of the oceans
(4) decisions that are increasing the use of renewable ocean resources
(2) decisions that weighed the need for food with the need to maintain fish populations
dentical twins were separated at birth and raised
by two different families. Years later, one twin
was a physically fit member of the cross-country
team, and the other twin was overweight with
slightly higher-than-normal blood pressure. The
differences in these twins could be explained by
the fact that
(1) the genes in the two individuals are
completely different
(2) in twins, each individual inherits genes from
only one parent
(3) the DNA bases in twins combine differently
(4) the environment can influence the expression
of genes
(4) the environment can influence the expression
of genes
One reason energy must be constantly added to a
stable ecosystem is because some energy is
(1) lost at each feeding level
(2) incorporated into fossil fuels
(3) destroyed by decomposers
(4) digested by herbivores
(1) lost at each feeding level
Scientific claims should be questioned if
(1) peer review was used to examine the claims made by scientists
(2) the experimental results cannot be repeated by other scientists
(3) conclusions follow logically from the evidence
(4) the data are based on samples that are very large
(2) the experimental results cannot be repeated by other scientists