Genetics
Evolution
Ecology
Human Impact
Surprise!
100
What are the four bases in DNA?
BONUS: Which ones match together?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
BONUS: A--T & C--G
100
What is the theory of evolution?
All living things come from a common ancestor and have changed over time.
100
What is carrying capacity?
BONUS: What do we call the things in the environment that limit carrying capacity?
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that can an ecosystem can support.
BONUS: Limiting factors
100
What are three ways human population growth can negatively affect the environment?
Pollution, deforestation, land use, habitat destruction, decreased biodiversity, overhunting, etc.
100
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
BONUS: When graphing, which variable goes on which axis?
IV - the thing you change to test your hypothesis
DV - the thing we measure, changes because of the IV
BONUS: IV on x-axis, DV on y-axis
200
List two differences between DNA & RNA.
BONUS: List a third.
DNA is double-stranded but RNA is single-stranded.
DNA has thymine, but there is no T in RNA. It's U.
DNA has deoxyribose as the sugar. RNA has ribose.
200
What is natural selection?
The process by which evolution happens; individuals best suited to their environment are the ones who survive and reproduce.
200
What is an autotroph?
BONUS: What is another name for an autotroph?
An autotroph is an organism that can make its own food.
BONUS: A producer
200
What is a nonrenewable resource?
BONUS: Give an example.
Nonrenewable resources are any resource that cannot be replaced once they are used.
BONUS: Fossil fuels (gas, coal, oil) or minerals (aluminum, silicon)
200
What is an indicator?
An indicator is a chemical that tests to see if a certain substance is present.
300
What are the two steps of protein synthesis and where in the cell do they happen?
BONUS: What happens during each step?
Transcription happens in the nucleus, DNA is copied into RNA.
Translation happens at the ribosomes, mRNA is translated into amino acids.
300
What two things lead to variation in a population?
Sexual reproduction & mutations
300
What is a heterotroph?
BONUS: What is another term for heterotroph?
An organism that must eat for food - cannot make its own food.
BONUS: A consumer
300
What is an invasive species?
BONUS: How can invasive species hurt an ecosystem?
An invasive species is any species that was not originally part of a certain ecosystem that has been introduced to that region.
BONUS: Invasive species often have no natural predators in the new ecosystem and can overpopulate the area--outcompeting native species and even killing native organisms.
300
What type of symbiotic relationship is represented when one organism benefits and the other one does not (but doesn't die)?
BONUS: List the three other types of symbiotic relationships.
Parasitism
BONUS: Commensalism, Mutualism, Predation
400
List two types of mutations and explain it.
Substitution - one base is in place of a different one
Deletion - one base is missing
Insertion - one base is added
Silent - a base is substituted but it doesn't change the amino acid
400
Which two species are more closely related?
B & D or B & A
BONUS: Name one species that is extinct.
B & D
BONUS: E, A, D
400
What is the source of energy for all food webs?
BONUS: What type of organism must start a food web?
The sun is the source of energy.
BONUS: A producer (autotroph) must start all food webs.
400
What is the greenhouse effect?
BONUS: Give an example of a greenhouse gas.
The greenhouse effect is when gases in the Earth's atmosphere are trapped and absorb radiation from the sun, keeping the Earth warm.
BONUS: Carbon dioxide
400
What chemical does iodine indicate for?
Benedict's solution?
BONUS: What is the color change you'd expect to happen with these indicators if the chemicals they test for are present?
Iodine indicates for starch.
Benedict's indicates for glucose.
BONUS: Iodine goes from amber to blue-black in the presence of starch.
Benedict's goes from blue to bright orange in the presence of glucose, when heated.
500
What is gene expression?
Gene expression is when certain genes are turned on or off depending on the environment the organism is in.
500
Why does extinction happen?
Extinction typically happens because a species failed to adapt to a changing environment. (Sometimes, extinction is the result of humans overhunting.)
500
Why do energy pyramids shrinks the higher up you go on the food chain?
Energy is lost at each level as heat.
500
How does deforestation exacerbate (make worse) climate change?
Deforestation reduces trees, which are crucial for removing carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) from our atmosphere.
500
What do decomposers eat?
BONUS: Why are they necessary?
Decomposers eat living things that have died.
BONUS: They break down and return nutrients to the environment.