Living Environment
An individual eats a hamburger. Which two systems must interact to transfer the nutrients in the hamburger to human muscle tissue?
(1) respiratory and excretory
(2) digestive and immune
(3) digestive and circulatory
(4) circulatory and respiratory
(3) digestive and circulatory
Mitochondria provides ribosomes with
(1) ATP for protein synthesis
(2) amino acids for protein synthesis
(3) oxygen for respiration
(4) carbon dioxide for the production of sugars
(1) ATP for protein synthesis
After digesting the nutrients from a meal high in carbohydrates, the body
(1) releases insulin to return the blood sugar levels to normal
(2) secretes enzymes to absorb starch into the intestines
(3) produces water to maintain dynamic equilibrium in the blood
(4) maintains homeostasis by increasing wastes produced in muscles cells
(1) releases insulin to return the blood sugar levels to normal
At the end of which geologic time period were the continents of South America and Africa joined together and entirely located south of the equator?
(1) Paleogene Period
(2) Jurassic Period
(3) Permian Period
(4) Devonian Period
(4) Devonian Period
Cells possess structures that perform specific jobs. Which statement correctly pairs a cell structure with a function it performs in the cell?
(1) The cell membrane synthesizes proteins for cell processes.
(2) The mitochodria provide energy for cell processes.
(3) Ribosomes regulate which materials enter and leave the cell
(3) Vacuoles transfer genetic information from one cell to another
(2) The mitochodria provide energy for cell processes.
Which statement is characteristic of reproduction in humans?
(1) the reproductive cells of males and females differ in chromosome number
(2) males and females produce gametes in the ovaries
(3) males and females produce the same number of gametes
(4) the reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones
(4) the reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones
The subtropical jet streams are fast flowing air currents located in the atmosphere about 10 kilometers above the surface of Earth. In which layer of the atmosphere are the subtropical streams located?
(1) stratosphere
(2) mesosphere
(3) troposphere
(4) thermosphere
(3) troposphere
Different star constellations are observed from Earth at different times during the year because
(1) constellations spin on an axis
(2) constellations travel in an orbit around the Sun
(3) Earth spins on its axis
(4) Earth travels on in an orbit around the Sun
(4) Earth travels on in an orbit around the Sun
The mucrospirifer is considered to be an index fossil because it existed over a
(1) small geographic region for a long period of time
(2) small geographic region for a short period of time
(3) large geographic region for a long period of time
(4) large geographic region for a short period of time
(4) large geographic region for a short period of time
Dead zones are areas found in the oceans and some large lakes where there is not enough oxygen to support life. Algae blooms occured when excess nutrients are introduced as pollutants from fertilizers, sewage-treatment plants, and the burning of fossil fuels. When the algae die and undergo decay, bacteria rapidly use up the oxygen in the area. Which human activity would most likely result in a decrease in the size and number of dead zones?
(1) irrigating fields and lawns to increase runoff into the ocean and rivers
(2) building more coal-fired electrical generating plants
(3) reducing the use of chemicals on farm fields and golf courses
(4) constructing more sewage-treatment plants on the shores of lakes and rivers
(3) reducing the use of chemicals on farm fields and golf courses
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by weakness of the skeletal muscles. It occurs when normal communication between nerve and muscles cells is interrupted. The weakness is likely due to
(1) the lack of ATP in the muscle caused by a decrease of available carbon dioxide
(2) the brain failing to send the proper hormone signal to vacuoles within muscle cells
(3) the failure of receptor molecules on the muscle to receive the chemical produced by nerve cells
(4) the ribosomes in the muscle cells failing to produce enough sugar for muscle contraction
(3) the failure of receptor molecules on the muscle to receive the chemical produced by nerve cells
The expression of traits is directly dependent on the
(1) the arrangement of amino acids in the protein synthesized
(2) shape of the subunits in the DNA molecule
(3) number of chromosomes present in the nucleus
(4) sequence of bases coded for by the ribosomes
(1) the arrangement of amino acids in the protein synthesized
Which two factors caused the interior layering of Earth and other planets in our solar system during their formation?
(1) cosmic background radiation and density differences
(2) cosmic background radiation and specific heat
(3) gravity and density differences
(4) gravity and specific heat
(3) gravity and density differences
The ameba, a single celled organism, reproduces asexually. Variations in an ameba would most commonly occur through
(1) differentiation during development
(2) the fusion of gametes
(3) random mutations
(4) recombination during fertilization
(3) random mutations
A shark and a dolphin have similarly shaped bodies and fins. However, these two organisms are not closely related: the shark is a fish, and the dolphin is a mammal. Some species may have similar body structures even if they are not related because they evolved in
(1) similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival
(2) similar environments and were exposed to factors that caused exactly the same mutations
(3) different environments, but tried to adapt in the same ways so they could survive
(4) different environments, but ate similar foods that affected their growth and development
(1) similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival
What is the approximate percentage of geologic time that humans have existed on Earth since its origin?
(1) less than 1%
(2) 1.8%
(3) 11.8%
(4) more than 25%
(1) less than 1%
The minimum stream velocity necessary to transport a sediment particle that is 0.1 centimeter in diameter is closest to
(1) 0.1 cm/s
(2) 0.002 cm/s
(3) 5.5 cm/s
(4) 10.0 cm/s
(3) 5.5 cm/s
Which cellular change in an organism could be inherited by the next generation ?
(1) a change in the ribosomes in the pancreas of a squirrel
(2) the deletion of a single DNA base in a sperm cell of a trout
(3) a decrease in the size of a vacuole in a rose leaf cell
(4) the transfer of a piece of a chromosome in the skin cell of a racoon
(2) the deletion of a single DNA base in a sperm cell of a trout
A seismic recording station located 4000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake received the first P-wave at 7:10:00pm (h:min:s). Other information that could be determined from this recording was that the earthquake occured at approximately
(1) 7:03:00pm and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40pm
(2) 7:03:00 PM and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40pm
(3) 7:17:00 PM and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40 PM
(4) 7:17:00 PM and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40pm
(2) 7:03:00 PM and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40pm