Unit 1: Characteristics of Living Things
Which cell organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell membrane
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
Name 5 body systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.
Excretory, Nervous, Muscular, Circulatory, Respiratory, Immune, Skeletal, Digestive
What is an antigen?
A protein found on the surface of pathogens and can be used to recognize pathogens because every pathogen has different antigens
True or False: A characteristic of life is being able to reproduce.
True
Define homeostasis.
Staying healthy, staying balanced
What type of carbohydrate is starch?
Complex carbohydrate
What is commonly defined as the process of maintaining stable, internal, or balanced conditions, such as temperature, water level, amount of pathogens, and so on?
Homeostasis
How is an antigen different from an antibody?
An antibody is a protein that attaches to antigens to tag the pathogen for destruction, while an antigen is a protein found on the surface of pathogens
True or False: You need two organisms to reproduce.
False
Name one difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotes do or any reasonable response
How many sugar molecules do simple carbohydrates have?
1-2 molecules
Identify the two body systems that bring oxygen into the body and transport it to your cells so you can perform cellular respiration to make energy (ATP).
Circulatory and Respiratory
I contain weakened or dead viruses. Once injected into the body, I will provide the virus’s antigens for the immune system to start designing antibodies to fight against. What am I?
Vaccine
What is the biological process by which new organisms are produced from an existing one or from a pair?
Reproduction
The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in
Nucleus
Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human metabolic processes. The original source of this energy is the energy
(1) in protein molecules stored within the potato
(2) from starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant
(3) made available by photosynthesis
(4) in vitamins and minerals found in the soil
(3) made available by photosynthesis
A student is opening and closing a clothespin as part of a lab activity. The student begins to experience muscle fatigue, and the rate of squeezing the clothespin decreases. The fatigue is caused by
(1) An increase in lactic acid in the muscles
(2) An increase in oxygen in the muscles
(3) A decrease in carbon dioxide in the muscles
(4) An increase in pathogens in the muscles
(1) An increase in lactic acid in the muscles
Which cells are able to carry on the process of phagocytosis?
(1) Red blood cells
(2) Liver cells
(3) White blood cells
(4) Nerve cells
(3) White blood cells
Which situation involves a risk to a fetus due to the mother smoking during pregnancy?
(1) decreased digestive activity in the stomach of the fetus
(2) a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the ovary of the mother
(3) inhalation of secondhand smoke by the fetus
(4) toxins in the bloodstream of the mother
(4) toxins in the bloodstream of the mother
If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
(1) It would stimulate mitotic cell division
(2) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins
(3) Development of abnormal hereditary features would occur in the cell
(4) Increased protein absorption would occur through the cell membrane.
(2) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins
The main result of aerobic respiration is the
(1) conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy
(2) production of lactic acid as an end product
(3) storage of energy in a polysaccharide
(4) production of ATP from the breakdown of glucose
(4) production of ATP from the breakdown of glucose
Although the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can be disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is that...
(1) the circulatory system is the control center of the body
(2) human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
(3) the digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in common
(4) the circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food
(2) human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
In 1995, during an Ebola virus outbreak, approximately 80% of the infected individuals died. Which statement is an inference that could be made based on this information?
(1) The individuals who survived were able to produce antibodies against the Ebola virus
(2) The individuals who survived were not exposed to the Ebola antigens
(3) Eighty percent of the population had a natural immunity to the Ebola virus.
(4) Eighty percent of the population was infected with a viral antigen.
(1) The individuals who survived were able to produce antibodies against the Ebola virus
In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually becuase the sexual reproducing species produce
(1) more offspring in each generation
(2) identical offspring
(3) offspring with more variety
(4) new species of offspring in each generation
(3) offspring with more variety