Levels of Organization
What is the basic unit of life that performs all essential functions?
cell
What is the term for the process of maintaining a stable internal environment?
homeostasis
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell, converting food molecules into usable energy?
mitochondrion
What characteristic of life involves the increase in size and complexity over time?
growth and development
Which body system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels and is responsible for transporting nutrients?
circulatory/cardiovascular system
What level of organization is made up of multiple tissues working together to carry out a specific activity?
organ
What is the term for a response that counteracts a change from the set point to restore balance?
negative feedback
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and is made of RNA?
ribosomes
What term describes the ability of organisms to produce offspring?
reproduction
What system is responsible for exchanging gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide?
respiratory system
What term describes the grouping of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body?
organ system
What happens in the body when there is a stimulus that creates an imbalance from the set point?
the body initiates a response to counteract the imbalance and return to the set point
What jelly-like substance fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?
cytoplasm
What characteristic of life is demonstrated by the process of converting energy from food?
metabolism
Which system helps protect the body and includes skin, hair, and fingernails?
integumentary system
Which level of biological organization includes all the other levels, from cells to organ systems?
an organism
How does a positive feedback loop differ from a negative feedback loop?
a positive feedback loop amplifies the response to a stimulus, while a negative feedback loop reduces the response to return to the set point
Which organelle is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
chloroplast
How does cell specialization contribute to the function of multicellular organisms?
cell specialization allows cells to perform specific functions efficiently, making the organism more complex and functional
What body system includes the brain and spinal cord and regulates body functions through electrical signals?
nervous system
How are tissues and organs related in terms of biological organization?
tissues are made of similar cells that work together, and organs are made of similar tissues working together for a specific function
Is childbirth, where the release of oxytocin increases uterine contractions, positive or negative feedback? Explain.
Positive: Contractions lead to more oxytocin released which leads to more contractions (response in same direction as stimulus)
What structure controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell and helps maintain homeostasis?
cell membrane
Explain the role of heredity in the characteristics of life.
heredity involves passing traits from parents to offspring through genetic material, ensuring the continuation of characteristics across generations
Which system breaks down food into nutrients and absorbs them for energy and growth?
digestive system