Organelles
What organelle controls what enters and exits the cell?
The cell membrane.
Which domain includes organisms without a nucleus?
Bacteria and Archaea.
What kingdom includes mushrooms, molds, and yeasts?
Fungi.
Which structure helps move waste out of the cell?
The cell membrane.
What is one key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
Which organelle produces energy for both plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria.
Archaea are known for surviving in what type of environments?
Extreme environments (hot springs, salty water, acidic areas).
Which kingdoms can include organisms that are unicellular or multicellular?
Protists and Fungi.
What organelle allows plant cells to produce food through photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts.
A protist has chloroplasts and moves using cilia. What two functions does it perform?
Makes its own food and moves for survival.
This organelle stores water, waste, and nutrients in plant cells.
The central vacuole.
You observe a cell with a nucleus and mitochondria. Which domain must it belong to?
Eukarya.
Plants and animals both belong to Domain Eukarya. What feature puts them there?
They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
A unicellular organism uses a contractile vacuole. What function is this helping it perform?
Removing excess water to maintain homeostasis.
Predict one survival advantage of being multicellular vs. unicellular.
Specialized cells allow more complex functions.
A student says, “The nucleus is like the cell’s brain.” Explain what this means in scientific terms.
It controls cell activities and holds genetic material.
Compare the cell structure of organisms in the Archaea domain to those in the Bacteria domain.
Both are prokaryotic but Archaea have unique cell membranes and often live in extreme environments.
Compare members of the Animal and Plant kingdoms in terms of how they get food.
Animals ingest food; plants make food using chloroplasts.
Explain how mitochondria help both unicellular and multicellular organisms stay alive.
They release energy from food needed for life processes.
A diagram shows a cell filled with many mitochondria. What does this suggest about the cell’s role?
It uses a lot of energy (e.g., muscle cells).
A cell cannot produce proteins correctly. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning and why?
Ribosomes — they build proteins.
A scientist discovers a unicellular organism in a volcano vent. Which domain is it likely from and why?
Archaea — they survive extreme heat.
A scientist finds a cell with a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. What kingdom does it belong to and why?
Plant — chloroplasts and a central vacuole.
A cell is placed in salty water and shrinks. What process caused this, and which organelle regulates it?
Osmosis; the cell membrane controls water movement.
Explain how removing the cell membrane would affect an organism’s ability to survive.
It would not be able to regulate materials in/out, losing homeostasis and dying.