Stimulus- Respose
What is a stimulus?
Changes in the organisms internal or external environment that produces a response.
BONUS 200!
What are the two MAIN parts of the nervous system? What do these two nervous systems consist of?
Central Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System: Billions of nerves
The peripheral nervous system branches off into two types of nervous systems. What are these two types of nervous systems called?
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
BONUS 350!
Name four organs/glands that are apart of the endocrine system.
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, thymus, pineal gland.
BONUS 300!
Name four organs/features of the respiratory system.
Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm.
BONUS 350!
What is a response?
The way an organism behaves/acts due to an internal or external change in the environment [i.e. stimulus].
BONUS 350!
What were the three types of neurons that we spoke about?
Sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neurons
BONUS 200!
The peripheral nervous system branches off into two types of nervous systems. What is the role of each of these nervous systems?
Autonomic: Responsible for the involuntary/autonomic functions of the body [e.g. breathing].
Somatic: Responsible for the voluntary/conscious responses of the body [e.g. jumping over a puddle].
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
Name four organs/features of the circulatory system.
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries.
What are the five senses we spoke about?
Sight, smell, sound, taste, touch
How does an electrical message get from one neuron to the next?
Neurotransmitters [chemical messengers] are released into the synapse [gap] so that the neurotransmitters can be passed onto the next neuron.
BONUS 350!
The peripheral nervous system branches off into two types of nervous systems. One of these types of nervous systems is subdivided into ANOTHER two types of nervous systems. What are the names of these two types of nervous systems.
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
BONUS 200!
What are hormones? What do they do?
Chemical signalling messengers responsible for the communication between organs and tissues. They help control and regulate functions like metabolism, growth, development, and sexual reproduction.
BONUS 350!
What is diffusion?
When a substance moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration until it reaches equilibrium.
Draw a simple flowchart to represent the stimulus-response feedback model.
Stimulus - receptor - messenger - effector - response
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital
BONUS 200!
The peripheral nervous system branches off into two types of nervous systems. One of these types of nervous systems is subdivided into ANOTHER two types of nervous systems. What is the role of these of these nervous systems?
Parasympathetic: Respond to the body's relaxation, resting, and feeding state. Trying to return the body to routine. "Rest and digest"
Sympathetic: prepares the body for stress-related activities. "Fight or flight"
BONUS 300!
Why is insulin an important hormone that helps treat diabetes?
Insulin helps convert glucose from food into energy to function. Without it, the glucose will remain in the blood.
BONUS 300!
Describe how asthma impacts the respiratory system.
The air pipes that join the mouth and nose to the lungs become narrow. This makes it difficult to breathe. The muscle wall of the air pipes contract, the lining of the air pipes swell, and too much mucus is produced.
BONUS 300!
What is the role of the messenger?
The messenger [i.e. nerves] collects information form the receptor and takes it to the brain/spinal cord. The brain makes a decision on how to respond to this information. It'll then send the instructions to the effectors via the messenger.
BONUS 300!
Draw and label a motor neuron.
Drawing needs to include: nucleus, cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath
What would happen if we did not have a peripheral nervous system?
Without it, we cannot transfer a message to and from the central nervous system. Thus, we cannot detect a stimulus and respond to it either.
What was the one main difference that I told you guys to remember when distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is an autoimmune disease, Type 2 is not.
100 BONUS POINTS: What is an autoimmune disease?
Describe how a heart attack impacts the circulatory system.
The flow of blood to the heart is blocked which causes the heart to stop beating. Once the heart stops beating, blood [and oxygen] stops flowing to other parts of our body. If blood flow stops for long enough, this can damage or kill different cells, including the ones in our brain. This can cause a stroke.
BONUS 200!