history
What impact did the crusades have on Jews and Muslims in Europe?
attacks on Jews and Muslims increased
How did the bubonic impact Europe?
More than 1/3 of the population died, which allowed serfs to demand more rights
What did the pope call for the crusades?
to gain control of Jerusalem from the Muslims
Who was Joan of Arc?
A peasant who helped lead the French to victory in the Hundred Years' war
What was the Magna Carta?
A document that protected the rights of nobles
Who was King John?
English leader forced to sign the Magna Carta
Even though the Crusades were a failure, how did the crusades impact Europe?
There was an increase in trade, new goods, exploration, and new knowledge
What impact did new weapons from the Hundred years' war have on Europe?
they made knights and castles no longer useful
Why was Henry IV excommunicated by pope Gregory VII?
the king ignored the pope's rules and appointed a bishop
Who were usually the only people in medieval Europe to receive an education?
The clergy
What was the result of the Norman conquest of England?
William, Duke of Normandy, introduced the system of feudalism to England
Who was Saladin?
Muslim leader of the third crusade
What motivated people to fight in the crusades?
to seek wealth, adventure, and salvation
What events contributed to a decline in feudalism towards the end of the Middle Ages?
The bubonic plague, the Hundred years' war, the crusades, and the Magna Carta
Who was King Richard?
English leader who signed a truce with the Muslim leader during the crusades
What are some rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta?
the right to a trial by jury and the end to excessive taxes without approval
How did the bubonic plague spread?
fleas on infected rats
Pope, Cardinal, Archbishop, bishop, and priest
What two countries fought in the hundred years' war?
France and England
What had the greatest influence on the lives of most Europeans during the Middle Ages?
religion and the Church