Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques
The Phases of Intervention and Treatment
Stages of change
Role-Modeling Techniques
Methods and Approaches to Trauma-Informed Care
100

in which social workers are sitting up straight and leaning toward clients in a relaxed and open manner. Attentive listening can involve commenting on clients’ statements, asking open-ended questions, and making statements that show listening is occurring.

Active listening

100

assessment of strengths and needs to be used in the intervention process

Step 2

100

precontemplation (denial, ignorance of the problem)

Stage 1

100

refers to watching a real person perform the desired behavior

Live modeling

100

Soothing colors for decor and paint

Overall quiet; soft music

Neutral or pleasant aroma

Individual chairs with discrete seating areas

Individual bathroom options

Environment of Care

200

by social workers, which can show acceptance of clients’ feelings and promotes introspection or time to think about what has been learned (very effective when used with a client who is displaying a high degree of emotion).

Silence

200

evaluation of efforts

Step 5

200

action (taking direct action toward achieving a goal)

Stage 4

200

includes filmed or videotaped models demonstrating the desired behavior. Self-modeling is another form of symbolic modeling in which clients are videotaped performing the target behavior.

Symbolic modeling

200

Attire connotes professionalism; easy to identify staff members

Clothing not sexually provocative

Staff Appearance

300

using open- and closed-ended formats to get relevant information in a nonjudgmental manner

Questioning

300

termination and anticipation of future needs

Step 6

300

relapse (feelings of frustration and failure)

Stage 6

300

an individual models anxiety-evoking behaviors for a client and then prompts the client to engage in the behavior.

participant modeling

300

Clearly demonstrate proper manners and respect

Make every effort to minimize delays

Speak in clear, nonthreatening tones

Make eye contact

Smile and demonstrate a generally pleasant demeanor

Open physical stance, nodding

Open to change/not rigid

Staff Behavior

400

to show empathetic understanding of clients’ problems. These techniques can also assist clients in understanding negative thought patterns.

Reflecting or validating

400

engagement with client, group, or community

Step 1

400

contemplation (ambivalence, conflicted emotion)

Stage 2

400

clients are asked to use their imagination, visualizing a particular behavior as another describes the imaginary situation in detail.

covert modeling

400

Trauma policy/philosophy in place

Commitment to trauma-informed care articulated

All staff/clients/family members taught about trauma and its impact

Universal trauma screenings for all clients

Trauma status continually assessed

Clear organization plan for dealing with behavioral crises

Discrete areas for calming or crisis management identified

Feedback valued and concerted outreach efforts made

Organizational Understanding

500

by social workers to rephrase what clients are saying in order to join together information. Clarification uses questioning, paraphrasing, and restating to ensure full understanding of clients’ ideas and thoughts.

Paraphrasing and clarifying

500

Planning or design of intervention to address problem

Step 3

500

maintenance (maintaining a new behavior, avoiding temptation)

Stage 5

500

Whos the best dog?

Ginger

500

Treatment goals reflect consumer preferences

Treatment integrated across disciplines

Offering choice of treatment provider when possible

Everyday language used

All statements of abuse acknowledged and addressed

Sensitivity to seating configuration and proximity of seating options

Co-occurring treatment needs assessed and incorporated into service provided

Culture of origin respected and incorporated into service planning

Treatment Considerations

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