Definitions & Legal
What is physical abuse?
Any non-accidental injury inflicted by a caregiver.
What is corporal punishment?
Use of physical force intended to cause pain or discomfort.
What is the goal of discipline?
To teach self-control and judgement.
Burns are what type of abuse
Physical
What does bruising on the back of legs suggest?
Possible abuse.
What does Section 43 of the Criminal Code allow?
Reasonable force by a caregiver for correction.
Name one example of corporal punishment.
Spanking with a belt.
What is the goal of punishment?
To inflict pain or discomfort.
What is a bucket handle fracture?
Micro-fractures caused by shaking or throwing.
What does bruising in babies indicate?
Suspicion of abuse.
What is the CIS-2003 finding on physical abuse?
75% of cases involved inappropriate punishment.
What does research say about corporal punishment?
It is harmful and ineffective.
Name one difference between discipline and punishment.
Discipline respects the child; punishment humiliates.
What does a rib fracture indicate?
Possible squeezing or shaking.
What does a bite mark indicate?
Intentional harm.
What is the definition of criminal negligence?
Wanton or reckless disregard for safety.
What is one long-term effect of corporal punishment?
Increased aggression in children.
What does positive discipline promote?
Healthy self-esteem and cooperation.
What is a subdural hematoma?
Blood collection around the brain from trauma.
What does delayed medical care suggest?
Possible neglect or abuse.
What is the legal age for leaving children unsupervised in most provinces?
Under 12 years is not recommended.
What does WHO say about corporal punishment?
It negatively impacts physical and mental health.
Why might caregivers use punishment?
They lack knowledge of positive strategies.
What does a torn frenulum suggest?
Forced bottle feeding or violent rubbing.
What does patterned bruising suggest?
Use of an object to inflict harm.