Characteristics of Pain
Local Anesthetic Agents
The Injections
Neurophysiology
Calculations
100
1. What is sensation of discomfort resulting from stimulation of nociceptors?
What is Pain
100
What is the LA that is metabolized through plasma and liver?
What is articaine
100
What should the clinician do to maximize comfort during palatal anesthesia? How long?
What is apply pressure with cotton tip applicator, for 1 minute prior to injection
100
What is the time interval the exists while ionic concentrations are reversing?
What is depolarization
100
What is the maximum recommended dose for Lidocaine vs Prilocaine?
What is Lidocaine=500mg or 7 mg/kg, prilocaine=600mg or 8mg/kg
200
What is the process whereby the sensation of pain is transmitted from periphery to CNS?
What is Pain Perception
200
What is the LA metabolized through liver and lungs?
What is Prilocaine
200
What is anesthetized by the PSA?
What is Facial gingiva and pulp of max molars (except mesiobuccal root of 1st molar)
200
What is the result of a reversal in ionic changes?
What is reversed Polarity
200
In a carp of 4% Articaine, how many mg of LA per carp?
What is 4% = 40 mg/mL x 1.8 mL = 72 mg
300
What is the result of pain perception (what a person will do about perceived pain)?
What is Pain reaction
300
What are the LA metabolized in just the liver?
What is Lidocaine and mepivacaine
300
When doing an Gow Gates what nerve is being anesthetized?
What is trigeminal Nerve of Mandible OR Inferior Alveolar Nerve
300
What occurs when the membrane becomes permeable to K+ and impermeable to Na+?
What is repolarization
300
What is the max dose of epi in a cardiac patient?
What is 0.04mg
400
What is the amount of pain one must experience before exhibiting a reaction?
What is Pain Reaction Threshold
400
Name 3 functions of vasoconstrictors
What is a. Reduce: systemic absorption, systemic toxicity, blood flow, [LA] required; Increase: Action of LA, effectiveness
400
How much LA (mL) required for ASA?
What is 0.9-1.2 mL (1/2-2/3 carp)
400
What is a rapid sequence of changes in the membrane potential?
What is action Potential
400
In a carp of 2% Lidocaine, how many mg of LA per carp?
What is 2% = 20mg/mL x 1.8 mL = 36 mg
500
What is the law regarding a nerve either firing strongly or not at all
What is All-or-None Law
500
Name both types of chemical groups used for topical and LA and how they're used?
What is Amides - LA, Esters – Topical
500
What are 2 main causes of pain associated with dental injections?
What is initial tissue puncture, and depositing LA to fast
500
What are the 2 stages of action potential?
What is depolarization (reversed polarity), and Repolarization
500
How many mg of epi are in a carp of LA with 1:200,000?
What is 0.009
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